Jesus’ Final Public Sermon

August 26, 2026 Wednesday of the Twenty-first Week in Ordinary Time Readings for Today

Woe unto You, Scribes and Pharisees, by James Tissot Video Jesus said, “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites. You are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside, but inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of filth. Even so, on the outside you appear righteous, but inside you are filled with hypocrisy and evildoing.” Matthew 23:27–28 For the third day in a row, we read from Jesus’ fierce denunciation of the scribes and Pharisees. His words are exactly what these religious leaders needed to hear—strong medicine meant to awaken them from their self-righteousness, so that they might repent and receive the superabundant grace that would soon pour forth from His Cross. Though His rebukes may sound shocking—especially to those who heard them for the first time—we must receive them not with shock, but with humility and openness, applying them to our own spiritual journey. Immediately after this lengthy denunciation, Jesus turns inward and offers a heart-wrenching lament over Jerusalem, especially over the hardened hearts of the very leaders He had just addressed. Though not included in today’s Gospel, the very next verse reveals His sorrow: “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how many times I yearned to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her young under her wings, but you were unwilling!” (Matthew 23:37). This tender image opens a window into Jesus’ Sacred Heart—the same heart that had just delivered such relentless rebukes. Consider that image: a hen gathering her young under her wings. By natural instinct, a mother hen shields her chicks, even risking her life to protect them. In placing that instinct within creation, God reveals something of His own divine love. He, too, longs to gather, shield, and save us from eternal harm. Nothing—not even the hardness of our hearts—can stop Him from extending His merciful embrace. Yet just as a chick that strays from its mother forfeits her protection, so do we when we resist Christ’s call. His lament is not rooted in anger, but in grief over those who are unwilling to be gathered and saved. Even His fiercest rebukes flow from a heart burning with love. Though these words were originally addressed to the scribes and Pharisees, they apply to each of us. God will stop at nothing to bring us safely into His care. If gentle compassion moves our hearts, that is what He offers. If firm rebuke is what we need, He offers that too. Whether He draws us with tenderness or corrects us with firmness, His purpose is always the same: to keep us safe from sin and eternal separation, and to draw us into the Kingdom of grace. Interestingly, this rebuke was Jesus’ final public sermon in Matthew’s Gospel. If we were writing the script for His final week, we might envision a message of consolation or encouragement to close His public ministry. But instead, He ends with a sobering warning. Why? Because it was a final act of mercy. His last words to the crowds were meant to awaken hearts before it was too late. It was love speaking its final appeal, a shepherd crying out for His wandering sheep. Reflect today on Jesus delivering this final sermon to you. Heed His warning and receive it in the way it was delivered: with love. Feel His urgency and His desire to do whatever it takes to draw you closer to Himself. Respond to this sermon, and do not remain among the unwilling. Let these final words of Jesus pierce your heart, so that you may be gathered under the shelter of His wings and never stray again. Most merciful Lord, You will go to any length to draw us back to Yourself when we stray. You long to gather us under the wings of Your loving protection, keeping us safe from all sin that leads to death. Open my heart, dear Lord, and grant me the grace I need to respond to Your cry for my soul. May I never stray but always remain firmly under the shelter of Your wings of grace. Jesus, I trust in You.

Stopover Hong Kong

After the long delay at the Bangkok airport that was caused by the unexpected repair and check-up of our plane, our flight went so smooth that we didn't feel any turbulence or discomfort on the way to Hong Kong. Finally, we were so happy and relieved that we all arrived safe and sound. 

I found Hong Kong is a city with too many sights to offer and it seems to fascinate and excite me all over again because there are many things to discover regardless that I've already been there for the first time in the summer of 1967 before because I always find many interesting things to do.

It was the first time for my wife to be in Hong Kong and she looked forward to discovering and exploring it with fascination and curiosity. I was too excited to guide her around and discover the place. 

We were warmly greeted and welcomed by my youngest sister and then drove us directly to the convent. We took a rest before we joined her to  meet her superior and colleagues and attend the mass at the adjoining chapel. 

Shortly after the service, I immediately took my wife to the downtown area and showed her the tourist-frequented places that I visited and the shops where I went to that offer reasonable prices. On our first day, we concentrated on the supermarkets to buy the necessary items to take with us on our adventures and explorations to the different out-of-the-way places of Hong Kong and Kowloon.

Kowloon and Hong Kong Island are both separated by Victoria Harbor and are serviced by Star Ferry which is the most convenient way to go around the city. 

Kowloon has more of an authentic feel than the rest of Hong Kong, and it feels somewhat surrealistic to me that the sidewalks are jammed with street food sellers. It’s also where you’ll find most of the temples and markets.

Incidentally, the prettiest market in Kowloon is the Flower Market in the Mongkok area where you’ll be treated to a dizzying visual display of colorful flowers and plants. somewhat like being in a dream, walking the narrow street that overflows with flowers of all colors.

I was still surprised by how quickly I fell in love with Hong Kong – it’s one of the most beautiful fascinating cities I’ve been to that has an energy like no other city I’ve visited in Asia. It’s also full of incredible sights like Victoria Peak, Temple Street Night Market, and the colorful Choi Hung Estate. To be continued.

https://pablolayson.blogspot.com/2026/08/boeing-boeing.html

A Confrontation of Love

August 25, 2025 Tuesday of the Twenty-first Week in Ordinary Time Readings for Today Saint Louis, King—Optional Memorial Saint Joseph of Calasanz, Priest—Optional Memorial

Image via Adobe Stock Video Jesus said: “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites. You pay tithes of mint and dill and cummin, and have neglected the weightier things of the law: judgment and mercy and fidelity. But these you should have done, without neglecting the others. Blind guides, who strain out the gnat and swallow the camel!” Matthew 23:23–24 Over the course of yesterday, today, and tomorrow, the Church presents nearly all of Chapter 23 of Matthew’s Gospel, which contains Jesus’ powerful denunciation of the scribes and Pharisees. This confrontation took place in the Temple area during Passover week—the days leading up to His Passion and Death. After His triumphal entry into Jerusalem on what we now commemorate as Palm Sunday, Jesus spent the following days preaching, healing, and facing mounting opposition from religious leaders. He began by cleansing the Temple, overturning the tables of the moneychangers and declaring, “My house shall be a house of prayer, but you are making it a den of thieves” (Matthew 21:13). In the days that followed, He was challenged by the chief priests, scribes, Herodians, elders, and Pharisees, and He responded to each with unwavering clarity—firmly, yet lovingly rebuking them in an attempt to win them over. In this particular encounter, Jesus condemns the scribes and Pharisees for neglecting “the weightier things of the law: judgment and mercy and fidelity,” while appearing outwardly righteous. He accuses them of being “full of plunder and self-indulgence,” revealing the dissonance between their external piety and their inner corruption. Though meticulous in tithing even the smallest herbs—mint, dill, and cummin—they ignored the heart of the law: love of God and neighbor. Their spiritual blindness led them to fixate on minor religious details while disregarding justice and mercy. By calling them “blind guides,” Jesus exposes their failure as leaders who burden others without embracing the deeper demands of righteousness themselves. This rebuke is not born of anger but of love. Jesus calls them to interior conversion—to cleanse the heart so that external actions may be authentically holy. His image of straining out a gnat while swallowing a camel vividly illustrates their misplaced priorities. Jesus challenges them, and us, to examine whether our religious practices are rooted in grace or driven by appearances and habit. True fidelity to God requires both faithful observance and the necessary virtues that give those actions meaning. In confronting these leaders, Jesus offers not condemnation but a merciful warning meant to awaken their hearts before His Passion begins. What stands out in this confrontation is the fierce and unrelenting nature of Jesus’ rebukes. He calls them hypocrites and blind guides, comparing them to cups that are clean outside but filthy within. These are not vague criticisms, but pointed and prophetic warnings. Like the prophets of old, Jesus demands more than superficial religiosity—He calls for integrity of heart. Each rebuke is a summons to repentance from the One who sees both actions and intentions. Sadly, many of His listeners refused to be moved. Reflect today on the gravity of Jesus’ words. Though most of the scribes and Pharisees appear to have rejected His rebukes, they are recorded in Scripture so that every generation may apply them to their own lives. Hear them as if spoken to you—not to discourage, but to inspire conversion. While we may not mirror the scribes and Pharisees in every detail, we all benefit from confronting our own spiritual complacency. This can be a challenging exercise, but when undertaken with humility and trust—recognizing that Jesus’ words are meant to heal and draw us closer to Him—it becomes a path to deeper grace. Let His rebukes take root within you, pulling up even the smallest weeds of pride or neglect, so that true virtue may flourish. Most merciful Lord, Your love for the scribes and Pharisees was so deep and consuming that You relentlessly pursued them, challenging the hardness of their hearts so they might turn from self-righteousness to the righteousness that comes through Your grace. Grant me the humility to receive Your loving rebukes and apply them to my own life, that I may be moved to true repentance and become fertile ground for Your transforming grace. Jesus, I trust in You.

You Are the Son of God!

August 24, 2026 Feast of Saint Bartholomew, Apostle Readings for Today

Main image: St. Bartolomew the Apostle in the Church, by Nicola Colonna Featured image: Saint Bartholomew, by Filippo Agricola and Nicola Consoni Video Philip found Nathanael and told him, “We have found the one about whom Moses wrote in the law, and also the prophets, Jesus son of Joseph, from Nazareth.” But Nathanael said to him, “Can anything good come from Nazareth?” Philip said to him, “Come and see.” John 1:45–46 The name “Bartholomew” is listed in the Synoptic Gospels as one of Jesus’ chosen Twelve Apostles. His name means, “son of Tolmai.” In John’s Gospel, he is traditionally identified as Nathanael. It’s possible that his full name was Nathanael, son of Tolmai. In John’s Gospel, Andrew and John—two fishermen from Capernaum—were the first to be called by Jesus. Andrew then told his friend Philip, who subsequently told Nathanael, “We have found the one about whom Moses wrote in the law, and also the prophets, Jesus son of Joseph, from Nazareth.” Nathanael’s immediate response was one of doubt: “Can anything good come from Nazareth?” This reflected the fact that Nazareth was a small and seemingly insignificant town at that time; moreover, the Messiah was expected to come from Bethlehem, the City of David. Neither Philip nor Nathanael knew Jesus had actually been born in Bethlehem. Yet Philip’s response opened the door to a dramatic transformation in Nathanael’s life: “Come and see.” Because Nathanael was open, he did go to see Jesus. When Jesus saw him approaching, He said, “Here is a true child of Israel. There is no duplicity in him.” Jesus had seen Nathanael sitting under a fig tree earlier, and upon revealing this, Nathanael responded in a way that must have surprised even himself: “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel.” According to ancient tradition, after Pentecost, Nathanael evangelized in regions that included India, Armenia, and Mesopotamia, ultimately giving his life as a martyr, possibly by being flayed alive. What a change from his initial skepticism to his final act of witness! Little did Nathanael realize that the humble carpenter from Nazareth would change not only his life, but the entire world. As we honor Saint Bartholomew today, ponder the one quality Jesus attributed to him: “There is no duplicity in him.” To be without duplicity is to be sincere, honest, and transparent before God and others. It is to possess an integrity of heart that seeks the truth and responds wholeheartedly when that truth is revealed. Bartholomew’s journey from skepticism to a bold profession of faith reveals the transformation that takes place in a soul open to grace. His life teaches us that God can use even our hesitation to draw us deeper into faith if we are only willing to “come and see.” In what ways do you hesitate in your response to God? Today, we do not meet Jesus for the first time, as did Bartholomew. We know Him through prayer, through the witness of the saints, and especially through the Sacred Scriptures. There are many profound and life-altering truths contained in God’s Word. We are called to approach these truths as disciples ready to be transformed. Like Nathanael, we may initially struggle with doubt, indifference, or preconceived notions, but the invitation stands: “Come and see.” Jesus continues to reveal Himself to us in countless ways, if we are only open. If we approach Him with sincerity and without duplicity, He will speak to our hearts, reveal our true selves to us, and call us into deeper communion with Him. Reflect today on the witness of Saint Bartholomew’s life. See in him any hesitation you may have about wholeheartedly following Christ. With him, come and see our Lord. Seek Him in prayer and in His Word. Let Him speak to your heart. Approach Him without duplicity. Be open, attentive, sincere, and honest. And when He speaks, do not hesitate to follow Him, declaring with Saint Bartholomew: “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel.” My humble Lord, You did not present Yourself to Nathanael as a powerful king or a mighty military leader, but as a humble resident of Nazareth. Yet upon meeting You with an open heart, Nathanael made a life-changing profession of faith in You. Like Saint Bartholomew, may I always come to You with an open and sincere heart. And when You come to me, grant me the grace to cry out with conviction and love, “You are the Son of God!” Jesus, I trust in You.

Overcoming the Gates of hell

August 23, 2026 Twenty-first Sunday in Ordinary Time (Year A) Readings for Today

Main: Christ Handing the Keys to St Peter, by Lawrence OP, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Featured: Keys of Heaven, by Perugino Video Jesus went into the region of Caesarea Philippi and he asked his disciples, “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” They replied, “Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Simon Peter said in reply, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Matthew 16:13–16 The symbolism associated with Caesarea Philippi is central to today’s Gospel. Located north of Jesus’ home base in Capernaum, it was a predominantly pagan city known for its shrines to false gods. One of the most prominent was Pan, after whom the region was named Panias (later Banias). Pan, a Greek god, was honored at a shrine near a large cave and spring considered the entrance to Hades. Pan was the god of nature, shepherds, flocks, wild places, fertility, and rustic music, and was often depicted as half man, half goat, with horns and hooves. He played the pan flute and was associated with lust, chaos, and sudden fear—from which we get the word panic. Additionally, the city was the site of a temple dedicated to the late emperor, Caesar Augustus, who was worshiped as a god throughout the Roman Empire. It was into this spiritually dark pagan setting that Jesus led His disciples—on what may have been a two-day journey—for what culminated in a single, monumental question. Jesus took the Twelve away from the comfort of their familiar fishing village and Jewish neighbors for a reason. He wanted them to answer His question not in the midst of the familiar and safe, but in a place marked by spiritual confusion and idolatry. Why? So that faith could be professed even there, and divine grace could confront the darkness that permeated the region. At first, He asked who the people said He was. They answered, “Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, still others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” But then He posed the question that reached the heart of His mission: “But who do you say that I am?” This was a moment of divine testing—one which Simon passed with profound faith: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus’ extraordinary and consequential response has enduring significance to this day. He declared: “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah. For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my heavenly Father. And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” (Matthew 16:17–19). With these sacred words, Jesus founded His Church upon Peter, making him the first pope. In biblical tradition, a change of name signifies a new mission and identity. Simon, son of Jonah, was now to be called Peter—Petros in Greek and Cephas in Aramaic—meaning “rock.” Peter became the solid foundation upon which Christ’s Church would be built. No pagan power, false god, or earthly ruler would ever overcome what Christ established with divine authority. Reflect today on the significance of the papacy. Even now, in the successor of Saint Peter, the words of Simon continue to echo throughout the world: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” This is the pope’s first and most important duty—to bear witness to Christ, the Son of God. Despite the personal weaknesses of some popes and the saintliness of others, it is Jesus who established Peter and his successors as the visible foundation of the Church. Pray for the Holy Father, and trust in the timeless witness of every pope since that first moment in Caesarea Philippi—a witness upheld not by human strength, but by Christ’s own promise. To profess faith in the papacy is to profess faith in the One who instituted it and endowed it with His divine authority. My Lord, You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God. With Simon, I profess this truth and place my faith in You, who established Simon, son of Jonah, as Peter—the rock and foundation of Your Church. I believe and profess that the gates of hell shall never prevail against the Church, not because of human strength or perfection, but because of Your eternal promise. I pray for our Holy Father, the pope, and for all his successors. Make them true and faithful witnesses to the confession first spoken by Saint Peter. Jesus, I trust in You.

TO BE OR NOT TO BE?

I was in doubt if the cash voucher for the return portion of my plane ticket from my scholarship in 1967 was still valid. In January 1975, I went to the Air France office in Brussels to inquire about it. What an incredible surprise when the manager told and confirmed that I could even fly round trip with it not only for me but also for my wife. Without too much hesitation, I immediately booked our departure right there and then for March 15, 1975, a month after her birthday as a gift because she didn't expect to come with me and to leave her with our two small sons behind. 

When I came home to tell her about the trip, she wasn't too happy and excited to go on a long trip and to leave our children behind in the care of her folks. Unfortunately, right on her birthday when she was to feel happy and radiant, she received a call that her mother suddenly passed away. So, we flew immediately to Italy to attend the wake and funeral services. I felt so sad for her that I even thought she would cancel her trip to Manila. A week before our departure date, she came home and helped me prepare our baggage. When she was in Italy, I busied myself buying gifts and souvenirs for my folks back home because it was my first visit. I know everyone would be too excited to see and meet my wife in person for the first time.

After the late slow train ride from Brussels at midnight the day before, we arrived at Paris Nord early on March 15. As the direct train connection between Brussels and Paris via Charles de Gaulle international airport started service for the first time on November 15, 1996, we took the bus service and arrived more than enough time in advance to go through the usual customs and immigration control, When our flight was announced, we went to the desgnated gate and proceeded to take our seat inside the 747 jumbo jet, which was our first time to fly in such a big plane. Our flight was a stopover to Hong Kong but would continue to Japan and to the U.S. as its final destination. When we arrived in Bangkok, Air France officially announced that the plane was unexpectedly requisitioned for Saigon to expatriate their nationals. So, our connecting flight to Hong Kong was replaced by Air Siam on an old refurbished 747 second-hand plane which was delayed for a few hours for maintenance and check-up. Finally, we departed after 4 hours of delay, Wile waiting, we went around the duty free zone to window shop in the tax-free zone where I bought a cute emerald ring for my wife. Despite the trouble and inconvenience we went through due to the long delay, I somehow had apprehension of the flight, but I found upon arrival to our destination to be as pleasant and comfortable as the others while the in-flight and meal services were good and impeccable.

Finally, we arrived in Hong Kong safe and sound and were met by my youngest sister who was a novice at the Salesian convent in Kowloon where we stayed at the guest house for almost a week. To be continued.

https://pablolayson.blogspot.com/2026/08/stopover-hong-kong.html

True Greatness

August 22, 2026 Memorial of the Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary Readings for Today Readings for Saturday of the Twentieth Week in Ordinary Time

Sermon on the Mount, by August Stalins and Alfons Janssens Video Jesus spoke to the crowds and to his disciples, saying, “The scribes and the Pharisees have taken their seat on the chair of Moses. Therefore, do and observe all things whatsoever they tell you, but do not follow their example. For they preach but they do not practice…” Matthew 23:1–3 What does it mean to be truly great in God’s eyes? In a world that prizes recognition, success, and honor, Jesus offers a radically different vision—one that exalts the lowly and humbles the proud. Today’s Gospel takes place during the final week of Jesus’ earthly life as He participates in the Passover celebrations in the Temple. Throughout that week, He faced ongoing opposition and envy from the very religious leaders entrusted with guiding God’s people. Though these leaders gravely failed in their sacred duties, Jesus does not rebuke them out of resentment but with divine charity and a desire for their conversion. Of note, He does not address them directly, but speaks about them to the crowds and His disciples, humbling them through public correction. By doing so, Jesus makes it clear that His words are not merely a historical critique. They are a lasting teaching for every generation, offering timeless guidance for the Church and for every soul striving for holiness. The scribes and Pharisees held legitimate authority. Having “taken their seat on the chair of Moses,” they were official interpreters of the Law. Jesus does not condemn the office, only the corruption of those who occupied it. The faithful are instructed to follow the teachings that conform to God’s law, even if the leaders’ lives fall short. This reminds us that the efficacy of the Church’s sacraments and teachings—entrusted today to the “chair of Peter”—depends not on the personal holiness of the minister, but on the divine authority of the office. What Jesus does condemn is the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees. They impose heavy burdens without offering help. Their religious observance is external, not flowing from hearts aflame with love. They seek titles and status—honor without humility—and in doing so, distort the very Law they claim to uphold. Jesus contrasts this shallow religiosity with true holiness. He calls for interior conversion over external display. This message echoes the words of the prophets and resounds through the life of the Church, especially in the radiant witness of the saints. Time and again, we are reminded that humility and authenticity—not performance or prestige—mark the path of true discipleship. Though His rebukes are sharp, the heart of Jesus’ message is love. He calls each of us to discover a higher form of greatness rooted in service, self-forgetfulness, and humility. “The greatest among you must be your servant. Whoever exalts himself will be humbled; but whoever humbles himself will be exalted” (Matthew 23:11–12). In these words, Jesus unveils the paradox of the Kingdom: To descend in humility is to ascend in glory. Though we may not sit on the chair of Moses or Peter, the sins of the scribes and Pharisees often echo in our own hearts. Their hypocrisy was outward—displays of piety, love of titles, and the burdening of others without compassion. Even without their authority or status, we may harbor what might be called a “hypocrisy of desire.” We long for recognition, crave influence, or quietly seek affirmation more than holiness. These hidden desires, even if never acted upon, reveal an interior disposition that mirrors the pride Jesus condemns. Reflect today on any desires within your heart that are selfish or self-elevating rather than humble and oriented toward service. True charity always seeks the good of the other first. And paradoxically, it is precisely this self-forgetful love that brings about our own exaltation—not by our striving, but by God’s grace. Humble yourself, and God will lift you up. Exalt yourself, and your self-exaltation will be your only reward. Lord of perfect humility, You never exalted Yourself, despite Your being the Son of God and Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity. Teach me to imitate and participate in Your humility, permitting myself to be lifted up on Your Cross, living sacrificially for You and others. In that humble, selfless, and sacrificial love, may I one day also share in Your glory. Jesus, I trust in You.

ARE OFW AND EXPATRIATE HERO OR TRAITOR?

Have you ever felt a profound sentiment of remorse and regret for having left the country that you once loved and nurtured to search for a better-paying employment abroad?

If only you had lived or experienced the innumerable difficulties and privations I have been through since I was 11 years old after my father passed away, I think you would never have had the second thought to leave the country and start a new life faraway from the affection and warmth of your loved ones.

Having been orphaned of father when I was young, I saw so much of the sacrifices my mother have had to go through in order to support 6 children to live decently from her meager salary as an elementary teacher without asking for financial help from well-off relatives or pawning her family jewels. 

When my father was still alive, we lived so comfortably that we were hardly short of money because he was paid handsomely well as a civil engineer who graduated from the state university and worked for the government public works to supervise the reconstruction of the roads and bridges that were heavily damaged during WW2. He created a savings book for each one of us and deposited a minimum amount every month for our higher education in the future. Unfortunately, my mother could hardly make both ends meet at the end of almost every month so she had no other recourse but to withdraw most of the money from our savings book to get us through and to meet our needs for our daily survival.

My most cherished childhood ambition was to become a doctor, because I would like to go to the poor regions as a missionary. So the most appropriate personal choice I took at that moment was to enroll in a free public vocational school that would eventually make me learn a vocation and specialize in a trade in a short period which would help me find a regular job as soon as I finish the course in order to make a living. Subsequently, I could pursue my studies at the university as a full-time working student to obtain a diploma, which is the requirement needed to apply for a scholarship or a better post. 

I found the year 1967 to be so hectic and difficult that it left me with many challenges and bitterness to succeed on my own due to family and financial situations. Surprisingly, my life was radically changed from worse to better when I made my most cherished dream come true at the end!

https://pablolayson.blogspot.com/2026/08/do-you-want-to-go-abroad-for-free.html

lThe One Law of Charity

August 21, 2026 Memorial of Saint Pius X, Pope Readings for Today Readings for Friday of the Twentieth Week in Ordinary Time

The Temptation of Christ, by Master of the Liechtenstein Castle Video When the Pharisees heard that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together, and one of them, a scholar of the law, tested him by asking, “Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?” Matthew 22:34–36 Today’s Gospel takes place during the final week of Jesus’ public ministry, shortly after His triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the crowds acclaimed Him as the Messiah, the Son of David. As the week progressed, Jesus faced an onslaught of confrontations from various religious authorities: the chief priests and elders, the Pharisees and Herodians, the Sadducees, and, in today’s passage, a scholar of the law. Notably, these groups were often at odds with one another and were deeply divided over Scripture and doctrine, especially the Pharisees and Sadducees. Yet, despite their theological disputes, they found common ground in opposing Jesus, uniting in their efforts to discredit Him and undermine His authority. The scholar of the law who posed the question to Jesus in today’s Gospel was likely a scribe—an expert in the Mosaic Law and its interpretation within the Jewish tradition. Scribes were regarded as authoritative teachers and interpreters of the Law and were frequently consulted on religious and legal matters. Though their role included drawing up legal documents, their primary religious function was to study, teach, and apply the Law of Moses. This particular scribe approached Jesus not to learn, but to test Him—to expose Him as lacking theological credibility. Perhaps he was driven by his pride, seeing himself as far more learned in the Law than Jesus. However, as with the other attempts to trap Him during this final week, Jesus responds not only with divine wisdom but with a clarity and authority that silences His challengers and reveals the heart of the Law. Jesus meets the question—“Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?”—with a twofold answer: “You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart…” and “The second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Though Jesus was only asked which commandment was the greatest, it appears that He revealed two commandments rather than one. But did He? Theologically speaking, Jesus not only answered the question thoroughly, He showed that love of God, love of self, and love of neighbor are so interconnected that they cannot be separated into greater or lesser categories. If you love God, this is also an act of rightly ordered self-love, which naturally leads to love of others. Hence, this apparent twofold answer presents the unity of charity, upon which “the whole law and the prophets depend.” Today we use the word love in many and varied ways. Some forms of love are rooted in emotion or passion; others arise from natural bonds of friendship or family, shaped by duty and affection. But the love to which Jesus refers transcends human categories. It is a divine love—agape, or charity—that not only surpasses natural forms of love but also elevates and transforms them. When human love is united with divine charity, it is purified, deepened, and rightly ordered toward God. From there, it flows back to us and through us to others. In this way, our love for friends, family, and even enemies becomes a participation in God’s perfect and self-giving love. Thus, loving God with charity gives rise to charity in every relationship, drawing those relationships into the life of grace. This entire united act of charitable living—God as the origin and source, and others as the necessary outflow of that divine charity—perfectly fulfills the Law and reveals the holiness to which we are called. Reflect today on the quality and source of your love. Is your love for others rooted in your love of God? Does your love flow from time spent in prayer, from a heart purified by grace, and from a desire to glorify God above all? Seek to love not merely with emotion or obligation, but with divine charity. When you do, your relationships will not only be transformed, they will become instruments through which God touches the world. My Lord and Source of all charity, draw me into a deep and purifying love for You—a charity that encompasses my whole heart, soul, and mind. From that divine love, pour forth Your charity on others through me, so that all that I am and everything I do may be a fulfillment of the one glorious commandment to which I am called. Jesus, I trust in You!