William Gorder
It is not specific to only narcissists. It is a manipulation tactic that has a very high gaslighting effect associated with it.
Covert emotional and psychological manipulation such as this is synonymous with emotional abuse. Verbal abuse is a subset of emotional abuse and is synonymous with some emotional manipulation as well. For the official definitions follow this link:
William Gorder's answer to What would you consider emotional and verbal abuse?
It’s when the abuser questions the memory and thoughts of the victim and then supports the accusations with previous examples.
Examples of countering:
- You never remember things correctly.
- You always exaggerate things.
- You have a very active imagination.
- You are always jumping to conclusions.
- You know I never said that.
- Remember how wrong you were last time?
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