Saturday, February 25, 2023

Comment s'est formé la Belgique ?

C'est une longue histoire. La Belgique est un pays relativement jeune, mais qui n'est pas sorti du sol du jour au lendemain.

A l'époque romaine, "Belgium" était une partie de la Gaule. A noter qu'à cette époque la frontière sud de la Belgique passait à quelques kilomètres au nord de Paris. Mais rassurez vous, les Belges n'ont pas de revendications territoriales et n'envisagent pas de reconquérir le nord de la France (du moins pas pour le moment).

Après la chute de l'empire romain, la Gaule a été envahie par des peuples germaniques, principalement les Francs qui ont donné leur nom à la France. Très tôt s'est alors formé ce qu'on appelle la frontière linguistique qui coupe aujourd'hui la Belgique en deux. Au nord de cette frontière, les peuples autochtones ont adopté la langue des envahisseurs ce qui a donné plus tard le néerlandais. Au sud de cette frontière, c'est l'inverse qui s'est produit: les envahisseurs ont adopté la langue des autochtones qui parlaient une forme de latin. Ce "latin vulgaire" est ensuite devenu le français.

Les linguistes et historiens débattent toujours sur la raison de cette séparation linguistique, sachant qu'il n'y avait pas de différences fondamentales entre les peuples de part et d'autre de cette ligne. Habituellement, une frontière linguistique se forme à des endroits où des peuples sont séparés soit par différentes entités étatiques, soit par des barrières naturelles. Or, dans ce cas précis il n'y avait ni l'un, ni l'autre. On a longtemps pensé que la Forêt Charbonnière (dont reste aujourd'hui la magnifique Forêt de Soignes dans la banlieue de Bruxelles) formait cette barrière, mais on sait aujourd'hui que cette forêt s'étendait du nord au sud et non pas d'est en ouest. Selon une autre théorie, la frontière linguistique correspondrait à la route romaine qui reliait Boulogne-sur-Mer à Cologne, mais on a du mal à imaginer une route comme une barrière infranchissable.

La partie de la Gaule que les Romains appelaient Belgium a subi le même sort que le reste de la Gaule. Après avoir été unie sous le règne de Charlemagne, la région a été divisée en une quantité de comtés et de duchés. Entre autres: le comté des Flandres, le duché du Brabant, le comté de Hainaut, le comté de Hollande, le duché de Gelre, le comté de Zélande, le comté de Limbourg, le comté de Luxembourg etc. Formellement, ces entités étaient vassal, soit du roi de France, soit de l'empereur allemand. Dans les faits, ils avaient une large autonomie et n'hésitaient pas à prendre les armes contre leur souverain si celui-ci devenait un peu trop insistant, comme Philippe le Bel a pu le constater en se prenant une raclée par les Flamands à Courtrai en 1302: haut fait d'armes de l'histoire flamande où on oublie un peu vite que les Brabants (néerlandophones) se battaient du côté des Français et le Hainaut (francophone) avec les Flamands. La langue n'avait pas grand chose à voir là dedans.

Tout a changé au 14ème-15ème siècle quand ces comtés et duchés sont tombés sous la coupe des ducs de Bourgogne. Les Bourguignons rêvaient de créer un puissant état entre la France et ce qu'on appelle aujourd'hui l'Allemagne. Surtout les ducs Philippe le Bon et son fils Charles le Téméraire avaient compris que pour cela il fallait unir les différentes parties de leurs pays. Grâce à l'argent de la très riche Flandre ils menaient une politique d'indépendance vis à vis de leurs souverains nominaux, le roi de France et l'empereur allemand.

Après la mort de Charles le Téméraire, la Bourgogne elle-même revient dans le giron de la France, mais pas les possessions des ducs de Bourgogne dans le Nord. Suite à une habile politique de mariages, cette partie a été récupérée par les Habsbourg, dont l'empereur Charles Quint (né en Flandre) était le souverain le plus illustre. Charles Quint établit une "pragmatique sanction" par laquelle il unit les anciennes possessions bourguignonnes du nord. Ces régions seront dorénavant connues comme "les Pays-Bas" et regroupent la plus grande partie de ce qui est aujourd'hui la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Luxembourg. Pour la première fois, les anciennes comtés et duchés formaient une et même entité. Ce n'est pas encore le Benelux, mais ça commence à y ressembler.

Mais sous Philippe II, le fils de Charles Quint et roi d'Espagne ça commence à se gâter. Sous la répression espagnole une révolte éclate. Le nord fait sécession et devient la république des Provinces Unies (futures Pays-Bas), le sud restera espagnol.

Regardons maintenant le nom Pays-Bas qui indiquait donc les anciennes possessions bourguignonnes dans le nord. Sur les cartes de cette époque, où on préférait le latin, on avait ressorti le nom "Belgium". Donc Belgium = Pays-Bas. Dans la langue de tous les jours on utilisait Pays-Bas, mais problème: comment on forme l'adjectif de ce mot? Pays-basien? Paysbasique? A qu'à cela ne tienne, on n'a qu'à former l'adjectif à partir du mot latin: Belgium - Belgique. Petit à petit, quand on parlait des Pays-Bas du Sud on disait: les états belgiques. Et voilà, le tour était joué. A l'origine "Belgique" n'était rien d'autre que l'adjectif de "Pays-Bas".

Les Pays-Bas du Sud passaient du joug espagnol à celui de l'Autriche pour être conquis ensuite par les révolutionnaires français et intégrés à l'empire français par un certain Corse au caractère coléreux

Après Waterloo, les Anglais voulaient créer un état tampon fort pour contrôler la France. Pour cela ils unissaient les deux Pays-Bas (ceux du nord et du sud) en un seul royaume. Mais après des siècles de séparation, les estomacs belges étaient incapables de digérer les fromages hollandais et en 1830 une révolution les a renvoyés à Amsterdam, non sans un peu d'aide de baïonnettes françaises (merci les gars) et en y laissant quelques plumes (les Hollandais conservaient la Flandre Zélandaise, la moitié du Limbourg et la moitié du Luxembourg (qu'ils perdront plus tard et qui deviendra le petit pays qu'on connait maintenant).

Et voilà, la Belgique était enfin née après une grossesse de 2000 ans. La maman (française) et le papa (hollandais) se portent bien, mais ils se demandent toujours ce qui leur est arrivé. Mais au moins leur enfant est bilingue (et même trilingue, car le tonton allemand a aussi laissé quelques graines dans l'est)

Make the Radical Choice Today

February 25, 2023
Saturday after Ash Wednesday
Readings for Today


Video

Jesus saw a tax collector named Levi sitting at the customs post. He said to him, "Follow me." And leaving everything behind, he got up and followed him. Luke 5:27–28

Levi had a good life. He made good money and had steady employment as a tax collector. But in an instant, he gave that all up to follow Jesus, and his life immediately changed for the good.

This short story of the call of Levi is one that we should take note of. Though you most likely have already made the choice to follow Christ, that choice needs to be deepened each and every day. And the witness of Levi is one that should inspire you to do so.

Oftentimes, when we sense God calling us deeper and closer to Him, when we sense that He wants us to follow Him more completely, we might pause and hesitate. It's common for people to want to think through such a decision and weigh the "pros and cons" before stepping out in faith. But don't do that. The witness of Levi's immediate choice to leave all else behind and follow Christ is given to us so as to invite us to do the same.

How is Jesus inviting you, today, to imitate the radicalness of Levi? What is He calling you to walk away from so as to more fully serve Him with love and totality? If you do not know the answer to that question, say "Yes" to our Lord anyway. Tell Him that you want to imitate Levi and that you want to wholeheartedly commit yourself to a complete and radical following of His holy will.

It's also interesting to note that as soon as Levi made the choice to follow Jesus, he held a dinner at his house for Jesus and other tax collectors. Levi was not afraid to let others know of his choice, and he wanted to offer his friends the opportunity to do the same.

Reflect, today, upon the person and call of Levi. And as you begin this Lenten season, use Levi's call and response as an opportunity to hear Jesus calling you. You may not be called to "leave everything behind" literally, but express your willingness to do so anyway. Put no conditions on your choice to follow our Lord and you will be eternally grateful you did.

My precious Lord, You call all of your children to follow You without reserve. You call us to be ready and willing to abandon all that this life has to offer so as to obtain so much more. Give me the grace I need to trust You enough to say "Yes" to You today, tomorrow and all days. My life is Yours, dear Lord. Do with me as You will. Jesus, I trust in You.

Friday, February 24, 2023

The Transforming Power of Fasting

February 24, 2023
Friday after Ash Wednesday
Readings for Today


Video

"The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast." Matthew 9:15

Our appetites and fleshly desires can easily cloud our thinking and keep us from desiring only God and His holy will. Therefore, in order to curb one's disordered appetites, it is useful to mortify them by acts of self-denial, such as fasting. But during Jesus' public ministry, when He was daily with His disciples, it appears that self-denial was unnecessary for His disciples. One can only speculate that this was because Jesus was so intimately present to them every day that His divine presence sufficed to curb any and every disordered affection.

But the day did come when Jesus was taken away from them—first by His death, and then shortly after by His Ascension into Heaven. After the Ascension and Pentecost, Jesus' relationship with His disciples changed. It was no longer a tangible and physical presence. It was no longer a daily dose of authoritative teaching and inspiring miracles that they saw. Instead, their relationship with our Lord began to take on a new dimension of conformity to Jesus' Passion. The disciples were now being called to imitate our Lord by turning their eyes of faith to Him interiorly, and exteriorly acting as His instrument of sacrificial love. And for that reason, the disciples needed their passions and fleshly appetites under control. Hence, after Jesus' Ascension and with the beginning of the disciples' public ministry, they greatly benefitted from fasting and all other forms of mortification.

Each one of us is called to be not only a follower of Christ (a disciple) but also an instrument of Christ (an apostle). And if we are to fulfill these roles well, our disordered fleshly appetites cannot get in the way. We need to allow the Spirit of God to consume us and lead us in all that we do. Fasting and all other forms of mortification help us to stay focused upon the Spirit rather than upon our weaknesses and fleshly temptations.

Reflect, today, upon the importance of fasting and mortification of the flesh. These penitential acts are not usually desirable at first. But that's the key. By doing that which our flesh does not "desire," we strengthen our spirit to take greater control, which enables our Lord to use us and direct our actions more effectively. Commit yourself to this holy practice and you will be amazed at how transforming it will be.

My dear Lord, I thank You for choosing to use me as Your instrument. I thank You that I may be sent by You to share Your love with the world. Give me the grace to conform myself more fully to You by mortifying my disordered appetites and desires so that You and You alone can take complete control of my life. May I be open to the gift of fasting and may this penitential act help to transform my life. Jesus, I trust in You.

Thursday, February 23, 2023

What happened to the mummified remains in Venzone after the earthquake in 1976?

 

Venzone is a small town in Italy that has a unique history of mummification. In the 14th century, the town was hit by a deadly plague, which killed many of its inhabitants. To prevent the spread of the disease, the bodies of the deceased were buried in a special soil mixture that was high in calcium, which helped to dry out the corpses and preserve them. Over time, this process of natural mummification became more common, and by the 16th century, it was a widespread practice in the town.

In 1976, Venzone was struck by a devastating earthquake that destroyed many of its buildings, including the cemetery. During the reconstruction process, workers discovered the mummified remains of some of the town's ancient residents. Instead of disposing of these remains, the town decided to preserve them and put them on display in St. Andrew's Church, where they can be visited by tourists.

Today, the mummies of Venzone continue to fascinate visitors from all over the world. The mummies are displayed in glass cases, and visitors are not allowed to touch them. The mummies are dressed in their original clothing, and some even have their hair and teeth intact. While some may find the idea of displaying mummified remains to be macabre, the people of Venzone view it as a way to honor and remember their ancestors and their unique history of mummification.

Do you like Bangkok?

When I first moved to Thailand, I thought Bangkok was amazing and exciting. I wanted to visit all the temples,

drink at all the rooftop bars,

Party on Khao San Road,

And visit all the malls and markets.

But there came a point where I grew extremely tired of Bangkok. I never wanted to go any longer.

It took around 2 hours to travel anywhere in the city. The traffic was horrible and although the BTS (sky train) system was nice, it was such a hassle to take anywhere.

Bangkok was expensive, too. Everything seemed to be overpriced and I grew tired of spending my money to spend a lot of time sitting in traffic and paying 3x what I normally would in my town.

Also, Thais in Bangkok treated me like a dollar sign. Everyone assumed because of my white skin, I had tons of money. They tried to overcharge me for everything to make a quick buck and I grew tired of that, too. I missed Thais from my rural town who never tried to cheat me out of anything.

And last, Bangkok was always busy and noisy. It was hard to ever get some quiet. You always had to be on the lookout, on edge, to see if a motorcycle would almost run you over on the sidewalk. You always had to be on guard. I found that exhausting.

By the end of my two years in Thailand, I avoided going to Bangkok like the plague. I even told people who visited me that we could travel anywhere in Thailand but Bangkok.

It’s a cool city with a lot to offer, but it grows tiring in my opinion.

I hate being a dark skinned South Asian. How do I learn to love myself despite being ugly?

Having dark skin does not make you ugly, being ugly makes you ugly.

Models, actors, body builders, or just plain nice looking darker skinned South Asian people. It has to do with the symmetry of your facial features, a fit body and how much money and charisma you have.

It’s just like playing a video game and you choose random and you get random stats. Some are higher than others, so you need to grind to get those stats up to win the game.

Get in shape, practice good hygiene, gather resources, wealth, work on building up your EQ, and life should be less of a problem. I understand societal issues like colorism are found in South Asian countries but if you’re a handsome or a beautiful person and you’re dark skinned, you’re still attractive.

Very few people would pass on these attractive darker skinned people for someone ugly and pale, unless that ugly pale person also raised their stats in the wealth and charisma department. lol. I’ve seen the ugliest of men, Sloth from the Goonies slightly more attractive cousin, with beautiful women and ancient, elderly women looking like Yubaba from Spirited Away with young, attractive men. What do they have? MONEY. It’s certainly not their looks.

Deep Love Casts Out Fear

February 23, 2023
Thursday after Ash Wednesday
Readings for Today


Saint Polycarp, Bishop and Martyr—Memorial


Video

Jesus said to his disciples: "The Son of Man must suffer greatly and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed and on the third day be raised." Luke 9:22

Jesus knew He would suffer greatly, be rejected and killed. How would you deal with that knowledge if you somehow knew this about your own future? Most people would be filled with fear and become obsessed with trying to avoid it. But not our Lord. This passage above shows just how intent He was on embracing His Cross with unwavering confidence and courage.

This is just one of several times that Jesus began to break the news to His disciples about His pending fate. And each time He spoke this way, the disciples for the most part remained either silent or in denial. Recall, for example, one such reaction of Saint Peter when he responded to Jesus' prediction of His Passion by saying, "God forbid, Lord! No such thing shall ever happen to you" (Matthew 16:22).

In reading this passage above, the strength, courage and determination of our Lord shine through by the fact that He speaks so clearly and definitively. And what motivates Jesus to speak with such conviction and courage is His love.

Too often, "love" is understood as a strong and good feeling. It's perceived as an attraction to something or a strong liking of it. But that's not love in the truest form. True love is a choice to do what is best for another, no matter the cost, no matter how difficult. True love is not a feeling that seeks selfish fulfillment. True love is an unwavering strength that seeks only the good of the person who is loved.

Jesus' love for humanity was so strong that He was driven toward His pending death with great power. He was unwaveringly determined to sacrifice His life for us all, and there was nothing that would ever deter Him from that mission.

In our own lives, it's easy to lose sight of what true love actually is. We can easily become caught up in our own selfish desires and think that these desires are love. But they are not.

Reflect, today, upon the unwavering determination of our Lord to sacrificially love us all by suffering greatly, by enduring rejection, and by dying upon the Cross. Nothing could have ever deterred Him from this love. We must show the same sacrificial love.

My loving Lord, I thank You for Your unwavering commitment to sacrifice Yourself for us all. I thank You for this unfathomable depth of true love. Give me the grace I need, dear Lord, to turn away from all forms of selfish love so as to imitate and participate in Your most perfect sacrificial love. I do love You, dear Lord. Help me to love You and others with all my heart. Jesus, I trust in You.

Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Lent—Becoming a «Secret» Christian

Wednesday, February 22, 2023
Ash Wednesday (Year A)

Readings for Today


Video

Jesus said to his disciples: "Take care not to perform righteous deeds in order that people may see them; otherwise, you will have no recompense from your heavenly Father." Matthew 6:1

One thing that offers us worldly satisfaction is public praise. We often want others to notice us for what we have accomplished. We want to be admired and can often go out of our way to let others know how much good we are doing. How about you? Do you regularly seek to elevate yourself in the eyes of others?

In the Old Testament, the seeking of worldly honors was common. In fact, the Law of Moses even spoke of these as "blessings" that would be bestowed as a result of obedience to God (See Deuteronomy 28). But a central tenet of Jesus' New Law of grace was that earthly honors were no longer to be a goal in life. Instead, the interior treasures of holiness and the wealth stored up in Heaven were to be the focus. Today's Gospel warns us that seeking human praise will result in the loss of recompense from the Father in Heaven. Giving alms, fasting and praying are best done in secret so that "your Father who sees in secret will repay you."

As we begin our Lenten journey, it is a good time to honestly examine the intentions and goals of your life of faith and charity. One goal we must have is to practice our life of faith and charity in a hidden way. There must be a certain secrecy to our life of faith. This does not mean we act as if we are not Christian or act as if we are ashamed of our faith. Instead, the "hidden" and "secret" practice of our faith means that we pray, serve, fast, and grow in our relationship with God because we love God and want to serve His will. It means that our greatest reward is the interior blessings we will receive from a relationship with God. We must look within and discover God dwelling there. There must be an interior intimacy with God that only we see. And this secret, interior and intimate love of God must become transforming and all-consuming. How alive is this interior relationship with God in your life?

The good news is that when we intimately enter into a relationship with our loving God in the secret depths of our souls, God will use us to touch others' lives. We will not become the envy of others or have as our goal their admiration. We will not become the center of attention. Instead, God will use us to help others look into their own souls so as to discover the love God has for them. In a sense, we disappear in this hiddenness, and it is God Who makes a difference in the lives of others through us. This is authentic faith. This is authentic holiness. This is authentic charity. This is the reason we pray, fast and give ourselves to others. Not for our praise, but for the love of God, the holiness of our souls and the salvation of others.

Reflect, today, upon the simple fact that God wants to come to you in a very hidden and secret way this Lent. He wants to reveal His love to you, personally. Not so that you can tell everyone how holy you are. But so that you will know the love of God within you. Reflect upon this hidden and holy relationship God wants to have with you and know that if you allow it to grow, God will also be able to touch others through you in ways that are beyond your understanding.

My hidden Lord, You desire to come to me in the secret depths of my soul and to reveal to me Your love. May I meet You there every day and grow more fully in an intimate relationship with You. As You come to me this Lent, please also use me in many hidden ways to be an instrument of Your love for others. All praise and glory to You, O Lord. Jesus, I trust in You.

Tuesday, February 21, 2023

How does a QR code function, technically?

Quick Response code, also known as QR code. Nowadays you can find QR codes everywhere, on the shops to pay through digital wallet application, on items that you buy, on WhatsApp. It works instantly, you just need to press the scan button in the mobile wallet app and it shows the retail shop’s name, and you fill the amount to pay.

Note: You should only scan a QR code from a reliable source, as it could direct you to a website with malware. It’s very unlikely that a reputable company would send its customers to anything malicious, but it’s worth considering what you scan.

QR code was developed by a Japanese firm, Denso Wave (Toyota Subsidiary) in 1994 to improve operational efficiency for manufacturing automobiles. It is an open source technology and is available for free. anyone can generate QR code, unlike Barcode for which one needs to pay a fee.

QR codes have long since expanded their usefulness beyond the automotive industry. They’re used today in everything from inventory tracking, to shipping and logistics, to online ticketing. Bands put them on fliers to link to their videos on YouTube or set reminders for upcoming shows. Businesses use it to put Google Maps directions on a business card, automatically load a web page, or send a text/email to the company helpline Now QR codes are adopted on large scale by corporations across the globe for purposes such as

  • Websites
  • App store – application link
  • Posters, – give event URL
  • Business cards,
  • Brochures,
  • Product packagings,
  • Books,
  • Tickets, – information about the ticket
  • Flyers
  • Google Map – to give someone location
  • File download – download a music clip, pdf etc
  • Wifi access
  • ID cards
  • Warehouse and storage facility etc.

QR codes have gained popularity due to the rise of smartphones. There are QR code reader apps that can be downloaded for free on smartphones. You can just scan the QR code using the app on your phone and the pre-determined action (like opening a website, sending a tweet, download an app etc.) attached to the code is triggered.

As explained in our article What is QR Code? What is Bar Code? How is QR Code different from Bar Code

the image below shows the QR code generator website QR Stuff. Note the Data type (on the LHS of the image) ex: Website URL, YouTube Video , Email address, etc for which you can generate your own QR code. You have an option of generating Static/Dynamic QR Code. You can also add a logo. Note: Many of these features, for example adding a logo, are paid subscription.

What are some generally accepted opinions that disgust you?

I don’t like appeasement very much. Being a little too tolerant even of those not tolerant of us. But I see a lot of it. I don’t like the mindset of “we must accept everyone and everything”. I understand where it is coming from, this line of thinking. I understand the fear of offending people, the way it has people walking on eggshells but it kinda terrifies me because where do we draw the line? What must we tolerate, and what can we not tolerate?

For example, I had a conversation with my brother about this the other day… he told me “we should not appease recent Muslim immigrants too much, and allow too many in our country if they do not adopt our culture and our ways…”

“Why?” I asked him, “shouldn’t we just accept them as they are?”

“I used to think that, too,” my brother said, “but I don’t think I have the luxury… I am gay, and some Muslim youths actually beat up gay men, we cannot even walk hand-in-hand anymore in some streets in our own damn country…”

“That’s tragic…”

“It’s not just tragic, it’s a fucking tragedy. And how many children do they have on average, as opposed to us who are, on average, more open minded with these things?”

“A lot more, I reckon…”

“Way, way more! The more conservative the family and the more traditional the parents, the larger the number of kids. Who will likely adopt many of the values of their parents.”

He was getting very fired up, my brother. He was also kinda scared. For his future. For that of his friends. He was frustrated because he was concerned not only for his own safety — he’s a tall and very strong man — but for those of his weaker and more sensitive buddies. He was also angry. Incredibly, furiously angry, at those who appeased religious minorities with views strongly contrary to his lifestyle. Who hated him, for who he was, he felt. And he was especially angry by his more liberal friends who told him to be more tolerant. Tolerant of people who did not tolerate him, or his friends…

Sometimes you read stories of women being killed for having ‘ruined the family honor’ or men being thrown off high buildings to their death for being gay and you wonder… how much of this should be, can be, be tolerated?