Filipino lifestyle Updated 2y
There are many ways the Philippines is similar to other Southeast Asian countries but there are also many ways in which it is different from other Southeast Asian nations.
There really are too many similarities and differences to point out so I will focus on a few of them. Mainly I will give an overview of ethnic differences, culture, beliefs, food, language, and genetics.
When considering the number of ethnic groups the Philippines has, it has over 100 different ethnolinguistic groups in the country. This is similar to other nations in the region like Indonesia which has over 1300, Myanmar which has over 150, Malaysia with over 80, and Thailand with over 70 ethnic groups. The point is, these countries are not ethnically or linguistically homogenous.
*The original source of the photo forgot to include Laos, which has 50 ethnic groups. The original ethnic group of Singapore is the Malays.
As far as language goes, the indigenous languages of the Philippines are mainly Austronesian languages, similar to the indigenous languages of Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Timor-Leste, and Indonesia.
- Being similar languages, Tagalog and Bahasa Indonesia share many words.
- Tagalog and Javanese have similar numbers.
As far as genetics go, the Philippines is mainly Austronesian. This is similar to neighboring maritime Southeast Asian countries, as well as a couple of groups such as the Cham people in Vietnam and some in Myanmar.
- Other countries in Southeast Asia like Vietnam and Cambodia are predominantly Austroasiatic, whereas Thailand and Laos are Tai-Kadai, and Myanmar is mainly Sino-Tibetan.
As far as cultural similarities go, the Philippines does share plenty in common with other countries in Southeast Asia.
- Vernacular architecture in much of Southeast Asia is the stilt house. This kind of home is found in nearly every country in Southeast Asia, whether it be in the highlands, in the valleys, or over lakes or oceans.
- Water buffaloes are a common sight in farmlands in the Philippines. The carabao is actually considered the national animal of the Philippines, as the water buffalo is the national animal of Vietnam.
- The Philippines, like the rest of Southeast Asia, is a collectivist society. This collectivist mindset manifests in cultural traditions and terms such as Bayanihan and Pakikisama.
What is the meaning of "pakikisama" in Filipino culture? Is this term used in other Asian countries as well?
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-meaning-of-pakikisama-in-Filipino-culture-Is-this-term-used-in-other-Asian-countries-as-well
- Respect for elders and greetings towards elders is an important part of society. In the Philippines, pagmamano is an honoring gesture done toward elders. This tradition is seen in Malaysia as “bersalam” and Indonesia as “salim sungkem”. The “wai” is similar to this gesture as it is seen as a sign of respect, and is practiced in Thailand, Cambodia as “sampeah”, Laos as “nop”, Myanmar as “mingalaba”, and in Indonesia as “sembah.”
- Bamboo stick dances are found in nearly every Southeast Asian country. This folk dance is commonly associated with the Philippines, and Tinikling and Singkil are among some of the most famous local traditional dances that use bamboo sticks. Other bamboo stick dances in Southeast Asia are Magunatip in Vietnam, Mua Sap in Vietnam, and Gaba-Gaba in Indonesia.
- Betel nut chewing is a common pastime in many countries in Southeast Asia and is practiced by the indigenous groups in the Philippines.
- Sipa in the Philippines is a local version of Sepak Takraw, a traditional sport found in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia. Chinlone in Myanmar is another local version of the sport.
- Traditional mancala game, or Sungka in the Philippines, is also a traditional game found in the rest of Southeast Asia. Congklak is a local version in Indonesia.
- The traditional cone-shaped hat in the Philippines is called the Salakot, and other variations of this hat are found all throughout Southeast Asia. The non la in Vietnam is probably the most famous of the cone-shaped hats.
- The shawl-like garment in the Philippines is referred to as a Sablay in Tagalog, but also goes by Kindang in Bahasa Sug. The garment is a common fixture in traditional clothing throughout Southeast Asia, such as the Sbai in Cambodia and Sabai in Thailand.
- A wrap-around garment is also part of traditional clothing in the Philippines where in Mindanao it is referred to as the Malong. It is called the Kain in Malaysia, Sarong in Indonesia, Chong Kraben in Thailand, Sinh in Laos, and Longyi in Myanmar. The garment is a unisex clothing.
- Gong instruments are also a part of traditional instruments in the Philippines, such as the Gangsa and Kulintang. Similar instruments such as Gamelan in Indonesia and Khong Mon in Thailand also exist.
- Traditional xylophone instruments like the Gabbang in the Philippines are also part of traditional music in neighboring countries, such as the Gambang in Indonesia, Ranat Ek in Thailand, and Roneat Ek in Cambodia.
- Boat lutes known as Kudyapi in the Philippines are similar to crocodile lutes like the Sape found in Sarawak.
- Traditional belief in respect for spirits and treating local nature spirits as equal is a big part of spiritual belief in the Philippines, much like the rest of Southeast Asia. Places in nature like the balete tree are meant to be respected, similar to the reverence for Banyan trees in the rest of Southeast Asia. Tabi-tabi po is also another way to excuse oneself in the Philippines when passing by places where nature spirits live. Spirit house traditions are practiced by indigenous peoples in the Philippines, similar to the spirit house traditions of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor-Leste, and Indonesia.
- Local versions of the naga dragon exist in mythology as well, such as the Bakunawa.
- Karaoke is a very popular pastime in the Philippines, much like the rest of Southeast Asia where karaoke can be found even in remote villages in Laos and Vietnam.
- The concept of “Filipino time” very much reflects the fact that time isn’t punctual in Southeast Asia with Singapore being a major exception, with transport and meeting times often happening at a later time.
I have made other answers relating to specific countries regarding similarities:
Datu Kidlat
· 2yWhat are the similarities of the Philippines and Indonesia in terms of culture, tradition, and belief?
I think the Philippines and Indonesia have quite a bit in common. If we want to get specific when it comes to culture, the Philippines is closest to Sulawesi, Borneo, and the Maluku Islands. This is Mappalette Bola, a custom of the Bugis people in Sulawesi. Notice the similarity to bayanihan culture in the Philippines. Bayanihan does refer to community spirit, however, a group of people moving a house is probably the best example. Gotong-royong is a similar tradition of the Javanese people that refers to communal work, with the meaning being close to bayanihan aspects. * Mappalette Bola, a custom of the Bugis ethnic group on the island of Sulawesi. * Bayanihan, one of the cultural cornerstones in the Philippines. The Philippines and Indonesia also have a similar greeting. In Indonesia, it's called salim. In the Philippines, it's called pagmamano. These gestures date to precolonial times, before the arrival of Europeans to Southeast Asia. * Salim or sungkem, a gesture in Indonesia done towards elders. It is practiced mainly by Islamic groups as well as in Bali. * Pagmamano (in Tagalog), also goes by Amin in Cebuano, Siklod in Kapampangan, Siyom in Maranao. This honoring gesture is done to elders in the family. In precolonial times, this gesture would’ve been done to datus and rajahs and the hands would’ve gone to the cheeks. Being collectivist Asian societies, gift-giving is a huge part of the culture in both countries. * Pasalubong is a popular Filipino tradition of bringing back gifts to family and friends whenever someone has traveled. The pasalubong industry is very much tied to the tourism industry in the Philippines, as specific destinations have their own special pasalubong items. For example. ube jam is a popular pasalubong from Baguio, while Barquillos is a popular pasalubong item from Iloilo. * Oleh-Oleh is a similar tradition in Indonesian culture where gifts are given to family and friends after coming back from somewhere, usually a vacation. Destinations in Indonesia also tend to have their own oleh-oleh specialties. There are also similarities in the language. * Indonesian vs Malay vs Tagalog * Tagalog and Javanese have an almost identical counting system. Notice how northern Sulawesi is part of the Philippine language group. Here are two Filipinos and two Indonesians comparing their two languages. In a modern sense, code-switching is a common thing in both countries, especially among the urban people. It’s common for Tagalog speakers to speak a combination of Tagalog and English, Taglish if you will. In Jakarta, at least in South Jakarta, its a trend for the young people to mix Bahasa Indonesia and English, much like how people in Manila speak switch the two languages. Taglish speakers Jakselish speakers Much like the rest of Southeast Asia, a common form of architecture is a stilt house. * Stilt houses over the water in Busuanga Island, Palawan. Waterways and the seas have historically been the highways of ancient times, so it makes sense for houses to be built near or over water. * Floating village in Togean Islands, Indonesia Even some Royal style houses. * Torogan of the Maranao people in Bangsamoro. Ukkil designs with geometric patterns and naga dragons decorate a royal house. * Minangkabau House of the Minangkabau ethnic group, called a Rumah Gadang. The architecture reflects the cultural values of the Minangkabau people. There are even longhouses in both countries * T’boli longhouse in South Cotabato, made by the T’boli people. * Dayak longhouse, Kalimantan (Borneo), residing in Malaysia and Indonesia. Longhouses are considered the heart of a Dayak community and can exceed 200 meters long. Both countries have rice terraces as well. Banaue has the most famous ones in the Philippines, and Bali has the most famous terraces of Indonesia. Both countries have other rice terraces aside from these. * Banaue Rice Terraces, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built by the Ifugao people centuries ago, the rice terraces are a cornerstone of Ifugao culture. The Hudhud epic chants recant the building of the rice terraces and the planting and growing of rice. * Tegallalang Rice Terraces in Ubud, Bali. The terraces follow the traditional Balinese irrigation system called “subak”. This tradition has been passed down by a sage named Sri Markandeya in the 8th century. They are a popular destination today. Being Austronesian in heritage, both nations also use outrigger boats. In the Philippines, they are generally called banca, though it has its own varieties, while in Indonesia its called jukung, though it also has various names depending on the area. * Banca, or outrigger canoe, a common sight in the Philippines. Pictured is a banca in El Nido, Palawan. * Paraw, the traditional sailboat of the Visayas. * Jukung, a traditional outrigger canoe in Indonesia. In both countries, the water buffalo is an important aspect of the many cultures of both societies. * In The Philippines, the carabao is considered the national animal. It is a common sight in rural farm life. The Pulian Carabao Festival in Bulacan is a celebration that honors the carabao. The carabao in the procession are known to kneel in front of the town church. * Known locally as the kerbau in Bahasa Indonesian, the water buffalo is a common sight in many rural scenes. Many ethnic groups like the Toraja and the Minangkabau take great importance to the water buffalo as a cultural cornerstone. There are even some instruments in common. The kulintang is common in the southern Philippines. The kolintang also exists in North Celebes, Indonesia. Another similar instrument in Indonesia is the gamelan. * Kulingtan, a gong instrument found in the southern Philippines. * Gamelan ensemble, common in many traditional Indonesian performances, particularly in Java and Bali. * Kolintang is the traditional Minahasan percussion instrument in Sulawesi. This instrument was recognized as National Intangible Cultrual Heritage of Indonesia by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. There’s even common games between the two countries. This mancala game is called sungka in the Philippines, and congklak in Indonesia. It's also called dakon in Java. * Sungka in the Philippines. The holes are called “bahay” and the store hole is called the “ulo.” While today a game, it has been used as a divination tool by babaylans. * Congklak in Indonesia. The game is regarded as useful for developing math principles. Here is a game palosebo, often played during a fiesta in the Philippines. In Indonesia, they have a game called panjat pinang. * Palosebo in the Philippines. * Panjat Pinang in Indonesia Sabong is a popular pasttime in the Philippines. It’s called sabung in Indonesia. Bali has its special form that has religious ties. * Sabong remains a popular spectator sport in the Philippines. It was recorded to be a pastime in the Kingdom of Taytay when Magellan’s crew visited Palawan in 1521, meaning the sport goes back to pre-colonial times. Sabungeros are known to officiate these games. * Sabung is an old tradition in Balinese Hinduism. In Bali, they are called tajen, practiced in an ancient religious purification ritual to expel evil spirits. When performed in religious ceremonies, they are not considered gambling in Indonesia. The community aspect is quite similar. In the Philippines, it's the barangay. In Indonesia, it's the kampung. In the Philippines, a sari-sari store is a perfect spot to get snacks or anything really. In Indonesia, the warung is a staple part of daily life, and it refers to small businesses. * Sari-sari store in the Philippines. * Warung in Indonesia. These small local businesses are a huge part of daily life. They also share some similar traditional clothing as well. This conical-shaped hat is called the salakot in the Philippines. In Indonesia, it's called the caping. * Salakot is a typical cone-shaped hat in traditional Philippine clothing. Precolonial rajahs and datus could also be seen wearing golden salakot. In the colonial era, principalia would wear tortoise shell salakot inlaid with silver. It’s common as a farmer's hat. * Caping hat in Indonesia. Often worn by farmers. The Barong Tagalog and the Kebaya, although different, are both transparent and lightweight in fabric. This is directly related to the local climate. A similar dress to the barong tagalog is the baju koko, also worn untucked. * The Barong Tagalog incorporates precolonial and colonial influences. In the Spanish era, the Barong Tagalog was worn by the upper classes and was highly embroidered to show off the wealth of the wearer. It was popular due to its lightweight nature and its high adaptability to the tropical climate. * The counterpart to the Barong Tagalog in Indonesia is the baju koko. It is also worn untucked. It is also adapted to the local climate. * Kebaya is the traditional blouse and like the Barong Tagalog is lightweight and transparent. This is recognized as the national costume of Indonesia. This blouse is most popular among Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese people. The blouse dates back to the Majapahit era. White lace began to be used during the Dutch colonial era. The sarong also exists in both nations. This wrap skirt goes by different names, such as kamben in Bali, malong in Mindanao, patadyong in the Visayas, and tapis in Luzon. The tapis is worn over a more full skirt in the Philippines as a result of Spanish influence. Both men and women can wear wrap skirt in both nations. * The sarong is worn by Balinese people. * The malong as worn by ethnic groups in Mindanao. It is a unisex item of clothing. * The tapis, or a wrap skirt found in Luzon. It is a holdover of precolonial clothing. In the colonial era, the tapis was worn during bathing. There are even similarities in weaving culture, particularly in regard to the use of silk and gold threads. In Indonesia, there is songket, and in the Philippines, there is inaul weaving. * Songket fabric in Indonesia * Inaul weaving of the Maguindanao people in Mindanao. Another interesting traditional clothing that has similarities in structure to the baro’t saya of the Philippines is the baju bodo in Sulawesi. * The Baro’t Saya is considered the national costume for women in the Philippines and is a mix of precolonial and colonial influence. The tapis skirt and the alampay, plus the baro are retained from the precolonial era. * The Baju Bodo is worn by the Buginese and Makassarese people in Sulawesi. It has the basic components, the sheer and transparent baju (blouse), and a sarong. Like the baro’t saya, it is adapted to the local climate. The baju bodo retains more precolonial aspects. The songkok cap is also part of traditional clothing in both countries. * In Indonesia, the songkok is considered one of the national dresses of Indonesia. It is worn by many who follow Islam. * In the Philippines, the kopiah is worn mainly by ethnic groups who mostly follow Islam in Mindanao. Both nations have many indigenous peoples that have retained a high amount of cultural practices, many of whom are unique and are remote, far away from mainstream societies of both countries. * Kalinga people of the Philippine Cordilleras perform a traditional courtship dance. * Panay-Bukidnon people, are the last indigenous people group in the Visayas region in the Philippines. Known for their binukot tradition, where the daughter of the chief is kept indoors most of her life. * T’boli people in South Cotabato, are known for their dream weaving and craftsmanship. * Minahasan people of Sulawesi, historically a warlike people with many ceremonies dedicated to war. * Dayak people of Kalimantan, are known for their longhouses and warrior culture. * Nias people on Nias island off the coast of Sumatra. They are known for their stone-jumping tradition. Tattooing can even be found among some of these indigenous groups. In both nations, the traditional form of tattooing is hand-tapped and signifies a symbolic part of someone's life. Kalinga tattoos are the most famous ones in the Philippines due to exposure from backpackers and a renewed interest in indigenous culture. The Batak and Mentawai people in Indonesia also practice their own tattooing. * Traditional Kalinga tattoos. Traditionally given to warriors who fought in battles. * Traditional Mentawai tattoos. There are even some similar dances. Tinikling is a bamboo stick dance from Leyte. A similar dance called tari gaba-gaba is found in Maluku Islands. * Tinikling, a traditional dance originated in Leyte. It is meant to imitate the tikling bird that used to avoid bamboo traps. * Tari Gaba-gaba, a traditional dance from the Maluku islands. This dance is meant to celebrate friendship. There are even candle dances. In the Philippines, there is Pandanggo sa ilaw. In Indonesia, there is Tari Lilin. And dances related to holding and balancing items. In the Philippines, its Binasuan. In Indonesia, its Piring. Both countries even share a national flower. * Sampaguita, or white jasmine, offerings for sale in the Philippines. These offerings would adorn the santos inside churches. * White jasmine in Indonesia is one of the traditional flowers used in weddings and garlands. Sundanese traditional weddings use many white jasmine in ornaments. For both countries, their major religions have mixed with their indigenous beliefs. Spirits are regarded as equal to humans in Southeast Asia. That's why in the Philippines, saying tabi tabi po in nature is important, it's believed you must ask permission from spirits to pass by a place. It's also why balete trees are considered sacred spots. In Bali, a poleng wrapped around a tree signifies that a spirit lives within that tree. * Balete trees are considered to be mystic spots in the Philippines where many spirits are believed to live. * In Bali, Indonesia, places where spirits are known to live are indicated by a poleng. This just goes to show how Animism is still very much present in the belief systems that exist in both nations. In Southeast Asian belief, the naga are water dragons or serpent beings that play an important role in local mythology. * In The Philippines, the naga shows up in motifs such as the prow of a lepa boat. It also shows up on panolong beams of a torogan. Sword hilts from the Visayas also depict the naga. * Naga flanking a temple in Ubud, Bali. Javanese and Balinese culture depict the naga in palaces and temples and have many iterations, from the 9th-century cobra imagery to the 15th century Chinese dragon imagery. In Balinese tradition, naga are depicted battling garudas. They also share a tradition of oral literature. In the Philippines, the Darangen and the Hudhud are examples of oral epics, while both Indonesia and the Philippines have their own version of the Ramayana. * There are several Indonesian adaptations of the Ramayana, including the Javanese Kakawin Ramayana and the Balinese Ramakavaca. The Ramayana can be depicted in traditional dance. * The Philippines also has its own version of the Ramayana, the Maharadia Lawana of the Maranao people. It is often told orally. The kris sword is found in both countries. This wavy blade originates in Java but has spread to the rest of maritime Southeast Asia through trade and the influence of the Majapahit Empire in Java. Both nations have their own life-sized puppets. In the Philippines, there is a festival called Higantes, In Indonesia, there is ondel-ondel, found in Jakarta made by the Betawi people. * Higantes are papier-mache puppets paraded around the town of Angono, Rizal to mock bad hacienda owners during Spanish colonial rule. * Ondel-ondel is a large puppet figure of the Betawi people and is an icon of Jakarta. It is used in folk performances and a common sight in festivals or for welcoming guests. You cannot forget the ubiquitous Asian squat, a common way to sit in many Asian nations, with the Philippines and Indonesia adopting this cultural trait. Eating with hands is common in both nations. Bali has a tradition of eating communally as a group called megibung, similar to the budol fight of the Philippines. There is another traditional way of eating similar to this called ngeliwet from the Sunda ethnic group. Eating with your hands in the Philippines has a term in the Tagalog language called Kamayan, while the Javanese term for eating with hands is Muluk. * Megibung, the traditional Balinese feast with banana leaves that guests eat with their hands. * Ngeliwet, the Sundanese custom of eating on banana leaf and with hands. * Budol fight, follows the Kamayan way of eating in the Philippines. They also share some foods in common. Puso in Cebu is Ketupat in Indonesia. Banana leaf is a common wrapping in both countries. * Puso, or sticky rice wrapped in banana leaf. * Ketupat in Indonesia is sold prior to Lebaran, or Eid al-Fitr. Coconut milk is used in many dishes throughout both countries. They both use native fruits such as mangoes, jackfruit, bananas, rambutan, etc. Both nations also have durian, and is even banned in many places. Southern Philippines has many dishes in common with Indonesia. Stuff like sambal, satay (satti in Mindanao), rendang, halal options and spicy food is found in Bangsamoro dishes and meals. This is because Islam is the predominant religion in Bangsamoro region. * Satti from Zamboanga. * Rendang from Indonesia Isaw can also be the equivalent to satay in Indonesia, minus the pork option. Whole roasted pig is even seen in both nations. The Philippines is known for lechon, but in the island of Bali as well as the Christian areas of Indonesia, there is babi guling. * Lechon from the Philippines. This is a common dish at festivals. The native name of lecon is inihaw na babow, and was called inasal in Cebu until Tagalog influence changed it. Visayan lechon is the most well known of lechon, and is cooked with lemongrass, garlic, salt, scallions, bay leaves, peppercorn, leaves from the tamarind trees, and other spices. The native names indicate that this dish dates to precolonial times. * Babi Guling from Bali, is also eaten among non-Muslim groups like the Batak and the Minahasa. In Bali, babi guling is stuffed with a basa gede spice mixture that includes coriander, lemongrass, shallots, galangal, chili, shrimp paste, and garlic. The skin is rubbed with turmeric. Seafood options are definitely popular in both nations. Some seafood dishes that are similar include daing na bangus in the Philippines and ikan bakar in Indonesia, very similar in appearance. * Daing na bangus, a fried fish dish from the Philippines where the fish is marinated in a vinegar mixture. * Ikan Bakar from Indonesia and Malaysia is prepared with charcoal-grilled fish. They also share some similarities in that they have influence from China. Both countries have their own version of noodles. In the Philippines, its pancit. In Indonesia, its mie goreng. Other examples of Chinese influence in both the Philippines and Indonesia include lumpia. And hopia! In Indonesia, its called bakpia. And even Chinese rice porridge! In the Philippines, it goes by the name of arroz caldo, while in Indonesia, it has the name bubur ayam. * Arroz Caldo from the Philippines. Lugaw is another name for rice porridge. * Bubur Ayam from Indonesia. Both nations even have tamarind soup bases. In the Philippines, its called sinigang. In Indonesia, the Javanese have a similar soup called sayur asem, which is also cooked in a tamarind broth, both soups have that sour flavor. Both countries even have their own empanadas. In the Philippines, empanadas are a result of Hispanic influence. In Indonesia, empanadas are called panada, and are popular in Manado cuisine. Shaved iced desserts are found in both nations. In the Philippines, its halo-halo. In Indonesia, its es campur. Glutinous rice cakes are common throughout both countries, and they take on various forms. In the Philippines, kakanin is an umbrella term referring to the many rice cakes that are found in the country. The most popular are puto, bibingka, and suman. In Indonesia, these are called kuih, with the most popular being kuih lapis, kuih cucur, and kuih putu. (Sources will be in a comment below.)
Datu Kidlat
· 1yWhat are some cultural similarities between Vietnam and the Philippines?
I think despite the historical and cultural differences, both Vietnam and the Philippines share some common traits. disclaimer: these aren’t exclusive to these two countries only so you may find these in other Asian nations. Traditional villages in both countries have stilt houses, rice fields, and water buffalos plowing the fields. * Traditional stilt homes over the sea in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines. * Stilt house villages near rice paddies in Mai Châu district, Vietnam. Both nations have had their architecture adopt Western influence. Spanish influence has influenced Filipino colonial architecture where French influence is prevalent in Vietnamese colonial architecture, but Asian influence is often mixed in for both of these countries and their colonial towns. * Vigan, Ilocos Sur. A UNESCO World Heritage Site known for being the best preserved Spanish colonial town in Asia. The bahay-na-nato style combines Spanish, Filipino, and Chinese architectural styles. * Miag-ao Church in Miagao, Iloilo. This church is listed under the UNESCO World Heritage Site for being an exemplary example of earthquake Baroque architecture. Churches had to adopt architectural styles that adapted to the climate and geography. * Hanoi Opera House in the French Quarter in Hanoi, Vietnam. This is one of the great examples of French colonial architecture in the capital. * French colonial shophouses in Hanoi, Vietnam. Shophouses have adopted and combined Vietnamese, Chinese, and French architectural styles In fact, the carabao is the national animal of the Philippines, while the water buffalo is the national animal of Vietnam. * The carabao is one of the most common animals in the rural parts of the Philippines. * In Vietnam, water buffaloes are one of the most valuable possessions for farmers. It is also the second animal zodiac in the Vietnamese zodiac. For clothing, the conical shaped hat is a major part of traditional fashion for all of Asia and its found in the Philippines and in Vietnam. The Philippines has many variations, but the most common one is the salakot. This hat is called non la in Vietnam, and is moreso associated with Vietnam. * Salakot from the Philippines. While worn by farmers, it was also worn by royalty in the pre-colonial era and by principalia in the colonial era, albeit more embellished with precious stone. * Non la of Vietnam. This hat is a common feature in Vietnamese daily life. Worn by farmers, peddlers, and vendors in many cities. Tourists also wear the non la. The national dress for both countries has been highly influenced by Westernization. In the Philippines, the baro’t saya incorporates Spanish, Mexican, and Indigenous elements. The tapis, or wrap skirt is a native element while the saya is a result of modest Spanish fashion for the time. In Vietnam, the ao dai got its body-hugging form and high slits as a result of French tastes, as French tailoring influenced the overall shape in a modern sense. * The Barong Tagalog and Baro’t Saya incorporate precolonial and colonial elements. Pina fiber was introduced in the Spanish colonial era and was notoriously difficult to work with. Wealthy members of society could afford to wear a Barong Tagalog and were highly embellished as a way to show off status. * The Ao dai had its predecessors in the 18th century and the Ao Ngu Than in the Nguyen dynasty, but the ao dai as its known today took its form when Nguyễn Cát Tường and other Hanoi artists redesigned the Ngu Than to a modern form of dress in the 1920s, taking inspiration from Paris fashions. The ao dai was meant to be a modern national dress. Both countries are famous for their rice terraces. In the Philippines, the rice terraces of Banaue and Ifugao are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and is the ancestral lands of the indigenous Igorot people. In Vietnam, Sapa has some famous rice terraces, and is also known for the indigenous peoples that live in the area like the Hmong, Red Dao, and Zhuang. Vietnam also has other famous rice terraces like in Hoang Su Phi, and the Philippines has rice terraces in Bohol and Panay. * Banaue Rice Terraces in the highlands of the Philippine Cordilleras. Carved centuries ago, rice terraces are an integral part of Ifugao culture. The Hudhud epic chant describes the formation of rice terraces and the planting and growing of rice. * Rice terraces made by hill tribes, particularly the Hmong, Sao, Giay and Tay people in Sapa, Vietnam. Buffaloes plow the land here. Indigenous groups in both nations also have longhouses. * T’boli longhouse of the T’boli people in South Cotabato * Ede longhouse, made by the Ede people, an Austronesian ethnic minority in Vietnam. This longhouse is on display at the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi, Vietnam. Another interesting Chinese-influenced aspect in both countries is the guardian lion statues in front of religious monuments. * Guardian lion statues sit on the flanks outside the main wooden door of the San Agustin Church in Manila signifying a huge Chinese presence and a blending of cultures that occurred back in colonial times. * In Vietnam, they are known are Sư tử đá, but there are also nghê which are legendary creatures in Vietnamese culture. They also are found outside Vietnamese temples, shrines, pagodas, and palaces. Nghê statue at the Perfume Pagoda in Hanoi. The star-shaped lantern is a popular decoration for important holidays in both nations. * Parol lanterns in the Philippines. They have been around for centuries in more simple shapes and took on their iconic star shape in the early 20th century. They are made of papel de japon as well as capiz shell. Parols are a common sight around Christmas in the Philippines. * Đèn ông sao is the traditional star lantern in Vietnam signifying the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is a traditional toy and is made from bamboo, Neohouzeaua colored paper, and jute. Mancala games also exist in both countries. Sungka is the mancala board game in the Philippines. In Vietnam, it is called Ô Ăn Quan and is played on the ground. Both countries have a variation of sepak tekraw, in the Philippines its called sipa, and in Vietnam its called Cầu mây. * The Maranao people have their own version of sipa called ‘sipa salama’. It is played with ankle pads, a piece of curved rectangular wood to the inside of the right ankle, and a belt-like strip of leather that is whipped upon kicking the rattan ball. * Cau may in Vietnam Both countries have mythical birds in their traditional art forms. * Fenghuang engravings from an ancient pagoda in Vietnam. While originating in China, Vietnam has its own version of the mythical figure. * Sarimanok, the legendary bird of the Maranao people, is depicted with colorful wings and feathers, holding a fish at its beak or talons. In later Islamic legend, the Day of Resurrection will occur once the celestial rooster stopped crowing. Dragons are also a feature of ancient art, as well as ancient beliefs in both countries. * Lê Dynasty dragon staircase in the main hall of the Thang Long Imperial Citadel in Hanoi, Vietnam. Dragons took on different styles depending on the ruling dynasty in Vietnam and were a common motif in traditional art. * Naga figures are seen on the panolong, or the wooden beams of a torogan, a traditional royal house of the Maranao people in the southern Philippines. Both countries even have a form of bamboo stick dancing. Tinikling is the national dance of the Philippines, and in Vietnam, there is a similar dance called Múa sạp, with similar moves and rhythms. * Tinikling originates in Leyte. It is meant to imitate the local tikling bird that would dodge bamboo traps set out by locals. Today it is performed in local fiestas and competitions. * Mua Sap originates in the highlands of Vietnam. It is performed during celebrations like Tet. There are plenty of fraternal foods in both countries. For example. rice is a necessary part of every meal in both countries. * Tapsilog is a common breakfast in the Philippines. It includes cured beef, fried egg, and sinangag, or garlic fried rice. It falls under the general “silog” dishes, where egg and sinangag is served with cured meats. * Cơm tấm originates in southern Vietnam and is known for its fractured rice grains. It is served at any time of the day and comes with a side of meats mainly beef or pork, pickled vegetables, cucumbers, and tomatoes. They even have their own versions of vermicelli noodles. Vermicelli noodles in the Philippines come in forms like pancit bihon and palabok. In Vietnam, pho is the most popular of the vermicelli noodles, and it differs in that its served with a broth and thin slices of beef. * Pancit Bihon * Pho Both countries have been influenced by China, though Vietnam is more so than the Philippines, especially in food. That is why you can see Chinese influence in cuisine in both countries, although it's more prominent in Vietnam. * Hopia in the Philippines. It was originally introduced by Fujianese immigrants in urban centers in the Philippines in the early 1900s. It comes from Hokkien, which means “good pastry”. * Banh Pia in Vietnam. The Vietnamese name comes from the Teochew word for pastry, "pia". In Saigon, the pastry is called “bánh bía” while in Sóc Trăng and Vũng Thơm it is known by "bánh Pía". * Lumpia is a popular snack in the Philippines. It is one of the many dishes that has its roots in Chinese immigrants. There is even a fresh version involving more vegetables and soft wrapping. * Chả giò is the fried spring roll in Vietnam. There is a fresh version called Gỏi cuốn eaten cold. * Siopao is a steamed bun with fillings in the Philippines. It originates from Hokkien immigrants during the Spanish era and is the indigenized version of the Fujianese baozi. It is a popular snack and is sold at bakeries. * Bánh bao is a steamed bun usually filled with pork in Vietnam. It is the indigenized version of the Cantonese da bao, brought over by Cantonese immigrants. A hard-boiled egg is also inside the filling. Braised pork belly dishes exist in the cuisines of both countries. * Humba is a Visayan dish made with braised pork belly and is the Visayan version of adobo. * Thit Kho is a similar dish with caramelized pork belly and boiled eggs. They even have their localized version of a fertilized duck embryo. * Balut is most commonly associated with street food from the Philippines, usually eaten as a snack with a pinch of salt. Coming from South China, this dish spread to Southeast Asia and became part of the cuisine. * Hột Vịt Lộn is a local version in Vietnam and is eaten with fresh vegetables. They even have tamarind-based soups. This allows for a sour flavor. * Sinigang is a popular sour soup in the Philippines. * Canh Chua There are even similarities in desserts. Buko pandan in the Philippines and Chè in Vietnam share much of the same ingredients and preparation. Rice cakes are a common dessert in both nations. In the Philippines, kakanin is an umbrella term for traditional rice cake desserts. In Vietnam, Bánh refers to a wide variety of cakes, and is the closest equivalent to the Filipino term. * Puto, a steamed rice cake, is among one the most popular kakanin found in the Philippines. * Bánh Bò Hấp is the equivalent of Puto in Vietnam and is made with relatively the same ingredients as glutinous rice flour. There are even rice cakes wrapped in banana leaves in both nations. * Suman is the most known rice cake wrapped in banana leaves in the Philippines * Bánh chưng is a popular rice cake wrapped in banana leaves in Vietnam. This cake is commonly associated with Tet, the Lunar New Year. There are even some desserts influenced by colonial rule. The custard Leche flan in the Philippines is similar to Bánh Flan of Vietnam, an example of European influence. * Leche Flan in the Philippines is a result of Spanish influence. * Bánh Flan in Vietnam is a result of French influence. Shaved ice desserts with toppings exist in both nations. * Halo-halo in the Philippines. Ice cream is mixed with crushed ice, condensed milk, nata de coco, red beans, and other coconut-based jellies. * Bánh lọt in Vietnam refers to shaved ice mixed with coconut and pandan jellies.
What are the similarities of traditions in the Philippines and Thailand?
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-similarities-of-traditions-in-the-Philippines-and-Thailand
What are the similarities of Malaysia's culture and the Philippines?
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-similarities-of-Malaysias-culture-and-the-Philippines
Datu Kidlat
· 2yAre there any similarities in culture and tradition between Philippines and Cambodia?
Contrary to big differences such as religion and language, the Philippines and Cambodia being Southeast Asian nations do actually share some cultural similarities. Vernacular architecture, like in the rest of Southeast Asia, are stilt houses. Whether it be on land or above water, the stilt house is the traditional style of house in both the Philippines and Cambodia. * Stilt houses in Bangaan, Ifugao, the Philippines. * Stilt homes in Kampung Phluk on Tonle Sap Lake in Siem Reap, Cambodia. The national animal of both countries is a local bovine species respective to their geography. * The kouprey is the national animal of Cambodia, designated as a national animal by Prince Sihanouk partially due to its mystique. * The carabao is the national animal of the Philippines and is a common animal on farms. Water buffalo are also a staple in Cambodian farms and like in the Philippines are regarded as a precious inheritance. Martial arts fighting is an ancient practice in both countries. * Bokator is an ancient martial art for the battlefield that goes back to the Angkorian Period. Stick fighting is one of the ways it manifests. * Arnis is the national sport of the Philippines and traces its root to the pre-colonial period. It is most known for its stick fighting. Being Southeast Asian nations, both nations have a traditional way of greeting that signifies respect. * In Cambodia, the sampeah សំពះ is the Khmer greeting, where two hands are clasped together accompanied with a slight bow. This gesture is also done in Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Indonesia, and originates in Indian namaste. * In the Philippines, pagmamano is the practice of putting an elder's hand to the forehead. This tradition dates back to pre-colonial times and is also practiced in Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia, a sign of common cultural traits among island Southeast Asians. The star lantern is a decoration for specific holidays in both nations. * The parol is the traditional star lantern for the Christmas season in the Philippines. * The koom គោម is the traditional star lantern for Khmer New Year in Cambodia. Traditional New Year celebrations in both nations involve water in rituals and in festivities. * Khmer New Year is also known as Choul Chnam Thmey ចូលឆ្នាំថ្ involved rituals involving water as well as water fights to ring in the new year. The event occurs around April, the end of the harvesting season. * The Apung Iru Fluvial Procession was traditionally the Kapampangan New Year called Dayung Danan, and while Christianized as a celebration of St. Peter incorporates native elements like a water procession of the statue on a pagoda and water fights. The event occurs around late June, which is the start of the rainy season. The veneration and remembrance of ancestors is an important holiday in both nations. * In Cambodia, Pchum Ben is a day for people to pay respects to those who passed away up to 7 generations. This is a time when spirits are active, and food offerings are made to appease them. Food offerings are also made to Buddhist monks to generate merit. This celebration occurs in the 10th Khmer month. * In the Philippines, Undas is a similar tradition but follows more Catholic traditions mixed with native traditions. This celebration occurs in late October and early November, coincidentally around the same time as the Cambodian counterpart. Like Pchum Ben, food offerings are also a common practice for the ancestors, especially in Ilocos where it's called atang. The ancient epic tale Ramayana which originated in India has variations in both countries. * In Cambodia, the Reamker រាមកេរ្តិ៍, which means “Glory of Rama” is portrayed in Khmer dance theater Lakhon in festivities. It is well-known among the Khmer people and incorporates many local traditions and values. * In the Phillippines, the Maharadia Lawana is the local version of Ramayana from the Maranao people. This epic tale has traditionally been sung and chanted and incorporates many local elements to suit the local cultural orientation and values. Animism and belief in local spirits are prevalent in these religious nations. * In Cambodia, spirit houses is a way to show veneration to the local nature spirits. It is also widely practiced in Southeast Asia, and is seen in Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Food offerings as well as floral and incense stick offerings are left at the entrance of the spirit house. These structures are commonplace around the country, and a fixture in daily life and in the landscape. * In the Philippines, nature spirits are revered and shown the utmost respect. “Tabi-tabi po” is a phrase in Tagalog areas said by people who pass by specific natural places as a way to ask for permission to pass by spots. The balete tree is also widely respected as its a spot where spirits are known to inhabit, an example of pre-colonial beliefs. The bulul is the representation of the ancestors and are believed to guard the rice crops. * Spirit houses, while more common in Cambodia, are still practiced by indigenous peoples throughout the Philippines. A Sangsang is a local spirit house for ethnic people in the Cordillera Mountains in the northern part of the country. They are usually built for clan reunions or for healing. Traditional clothing in the cultures of both nations also has some similarities. The wrap skirt is part of traditional clothing in both nations. * The Sampot is a long, rectangular cloth worn around the lower body, and can be draped and folded in many ways. * The malong is a tube skirt found in the southern Philippines, worn primarily by indigenous ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug. The traditional clothing of both nations incorporates transparent material often embroidered as a climate modification. * In Cambodia, the Av Pak អាវប៉ាក់ is an embroidered blouse-dress and is considered the national garment of Cambodia. * In the Philippines, the Barong Tagalog describes a lightweight and transparent form of clothing suited to the local climate. It is considered the national dress of the Philippines. Due to it’s delicate and ornate appearance, it was mostly worn by wealthy members of society. The shawl-like garment is also part of traditional wear in both countries. The words sbai and sablay are cognates of each other. * In Cambodia, the sbai ស្បៃ is an integral part of Khmer clothing. It is derived from the Indian sari and worn over one shoulder. * In the Philippines, the sablay is worn in a similiar fashion and shows connections to the rest of the region. It is part of traditional clothing of many ethnic groups, and while incorporated Hispanic elements in lowland Catholic groups, the garment has maintained its appearance going over one shoulder in Muslim groups. Traditional tattooing has been a part of both nations, usually worn as a form of protection. * Sak Yon refers to the traditional sacred tattoos in Cambodia. These tattoos are said to have enchantments and offer protection. * Mambabatok, while once widespread, is relegated to specific ethnic groups today. The Kalinga are known for their tattooing tradition, in which symbols often offer protection and signify the bravery of the wearer. The traditional conical-shaped hat also exists as traditional clothing in both countries. * In Cambodia, the do’un ដួន is the traditional farmers hat. * In the Philippines, the salakot is considered an integral part of traditional clothing. It was worn by a wide range of people, from local rulers who wore ornate salakot inlaid with silver and precious metals to farmers who wore salakot made from rattan leaves and bamboo. The naga dragon is a part of the local legends in both countries. * Naga dragons in Cambodia have traditionally guarded temples. They are also commonly found in many art forms. * Naga dragons are also decorated on the side of the toragan, a royal home of the Maranao people in the Philippines. Mancala games also exist in both countries. * Sungka is the local mancala found in the Philippines. * In Cambodia, the mancala game is known as Bay Khom. The traditional game of Sepak Takraw exists in both nations. * In the Philippines, sipa was once the unofficial national sport. * A local version called sipa salama is played by the Maranao people. * In Cambodia, the game is called Sek Dai. Bamboo stick dances are also seen in both nations. * In the Philippines, tinikling is a popular folk dance from Leyte that imitates the movements of a local bird that used to avoid bamboo traps set out by farmers. * In Cambodia, Robam Kom Araek is a local bamboo stick dance. Another folk dance seen in both countries is the coconut shell dance. * In the Philippines, maglalatik is a folk dance that imitates a mock battle. * In Cambodia, Robam Kous Tralaok originates in Svay Rieng Province. It was traditionally performed in wedding ceremonies. Traditional instruments like the local xylophone exist in both nations. * In Cambodia, Roneat Thung រនាតធុង is a low-pitched xylophone and is part of a Pinpeat ensemble. * In the Philippines, the gabbang is a bamboo xylophone which various keys. Hanging gongs are also a fixture in traditional music. * In the Philippines, hanging gongs are found in various ethnic groups of the Philippines, from gangsa of the many Igorot peoples to the agung in the ethnic groups in Mindanao. * In Cambodia, the kong refers to many hanging gongs, from the kong thom គងធំ to the kong nyee គងញី of the Kreung ethnic group of the Cambodian Highlands. A tube zither made of bamboo is also a part of traditional music. * In the Philippines, a kolitong is a traditional instrument with varying designs depending on the ethnic group. * In Cambodia, the gung treng is also traditionally made with bamboo to make sounding strings. It is also plucked. As far as cuisine goes, there are also some interesting similarities. The cuisine in both countries tends to be milder in flavor and tends to be less spicy than the rest of Southeast Asia. * Khmer yellow curry, while curries are normally hot and spicy in neighboring Thailand, takes on a milder flavor in Cambodia. * Chicken curry in the Philippines, with the exception of Bicol and Mindanao, takes on a milder flavor palette. Eating with hands is the traditional way to eat in Southeast Asia. Typical of Southeast Asian countries, coconut milk is a common ingredient in the cuisine. * Amok Trei, or fish curry is considered the national dish of Cambodia. Coconut milk is the main ingredient. * Ginataang refers to dishes cooked in coconut milk in the Philippines. Ginataang labong is one example. As is lemongrass. * Cha Kroeung Sach Moan, or Cambodian Lemongrass Chicken Stir-fry. * Inasal Manok in the Visayas is flavored with lemongrass. Another typical dish found in these two countries is noodle soups * Kuy Teav គុយទាវ is a Cambodian noodle soup made of rice noodles and pork stock. * Batchoy is a Filipino version originating in Iloilo. Fermented paste, or fish paste, is also a common fixture in local cuisines. * Prahok ប្រហុក is a common seasoning in Cambodia. * Bagoong is also a common ingredient in the Philippines. Tamarind as a base for sour soups. * Samlar machu សម្លម្ជូរ in Cambodia gets its sourness from tamarind. * Sinigang in the Philippines is a popular soup item. Barbequed Pork is a testament to the prevalence of pork in the local cuisine. * Bai Sach Chrouk is grilled meat with rice, common in Cambodian breakfast. * Liempo refers to grilled pork belly in Filipino cuisine. Due to Chinese influence, rice porridge is a common breakfast item. * Bobor has a long history in Cambodia, even seen in an Angkor era engraving from the 10th century. * Lugaw refers to the many rice porridge dishes that came from Chinese settlers in the Philippines. They even have a similar duck embryo-based dish. * Balut is most commonly associated with the Philippines. * Paung Tea Kaun ពងទាកូន is the local version in Cambodia. An affinity for weird meats doesnt end there, as stuffed frogs also exist in these nations. * Kangkep baob is street food in Cambodia. * Betute tugak found in Pampanga. Glutinous rice cakes can also be wrapped in Banana Leaf * Num Ansom នំអន្សម is a sticky rice cake in Cambodia that is also associated with traditional celebrations and given as offerings. * Suman refers to rice cakes in the Philippines cooked in coconut milk and wrapped in banana leaf. Rice cakes come in many varieties, including the layered cake * Num Chak Kachan is one of Cambodia’s well-known desserts. * Sapin-Sapin means “layered” in the Ibanag language in the Philippines. Because bananas are a native fruit in this region, there are fried banana desserts wrapped in a thin layer. * Num Chet Chien is fried banana nuggets in Cambodia and takes on a small size. * Turon is a deep-fried banana spring roll in the Philippines that is caramelized. Mangoes are also native to both nations, so Mango Sticky Rice desserts are also found in both nations. * Bey Dom Neib is a local Cambodian version of the iconic dish. * Puto Maya is found in Cebu and is a local variety of the famous pairing, usually accompanied with sikwate, a local hot chocolate. Cooler treats are found in these nations in the form of shaved ice desserts with jellies and toppings. * Tuk Kak Chhous is the local Cambodian version. * Halo-Halo is a famous shaved-ice dessert in the Philippines.
As for food, many dishes in the Philippines use many common ingredients also used in the rest of Southeast Asia.
These include:
- Coconut Milk
- Fish Sauce
- Soy Sauce
- Garlic
- Shrimp Paste
- Lemongrass
- Rice Flour
- Pandan
- Star Anise
- Banana Leaf
- Local fruits like mango, jackfruit, bananas, mangosteen, rambutan, lychee, and durian.
Eating with hands is also a common thing in the Philippines. There are similar ways of eating with a banana leaf as a utensil in neighboring countries.
Datu Kidlat
· 3yWhat are some cuisines and foods that are found in the Philippines but also exist in other nations in Southeast Asia?
The Philippines is known for its blending of East and West, but after looking at many of the dishes of the Philippines, you can see so many equivalents throughout Southeast Asia. Let’s start with a giant communal feast. The boodle fight. A way of eating involving banana leaves and an assortment of rice, fruits, lumpia, and other foods. Eating with hands is a must when partaking, as eating kamayan style is a traditional way to eat. There is a similar tradition in Indonesia as well. In Bali, there is megibung. The Sundanese have ngeliwet where food is spread out on banana leaves and is also eaten by hands. Megibung Ngeliwet Much like the rest of Southeast Asia, rice is a part of every meal! The Philippines has numerous rice based dishes, such as sinangag which is fried rice with garlic. Fried rice is referred to as nasi goreng (ꦤꦄꦱꦶ ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦼꦤꦒ) in Indonesia and Malaysia, khao pad goong (ข้าวผัดกุ้ง) in Thailand, (Cơm Chiên Trứng) in Vietnam, and htamin gyaw ( ထမင်းကြော် ) in Myanmar. Sinangag (ᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔ᜄᜄ᜔) Nasi Goreng (ꦤꦄꦱꦶ ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦼꦤꦒ) khao pad goong (ข้าวผัดกุ้ง) Cơm Chiên Trứng Htamin gyaw ( ထမင်းကြော် ) Other rice based dishes that usually include meat can include the various Silog in the Philippines, Nasi Lemak in Malaysia, Nasi Kuning in Indonesia, Cơm tấm in Vietnam, Bai Sach Chruok (ប្ឰ សក្ ឆ្រុឱក្) in Cambodia, and Ahan Kap Khao (ອາຫານກັບເຂົ້າ) in Laos. Silog (ᜐᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔) Nasi Lemak Nasi Kuning Cơm tấm Bai Sach Chrouk (ប្ឰ សក្ ឆ្រុឱក្) Ahan Kap Khao (ອາຫານກັບເຂົ້າ) Like the Philippines, noodles are present in cuisines of other Southeast Asian nations. Pancit refers to the various noodle based dishes of the Philippines, while mie/mee based dishes are present in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore. Phở is the most popular noodle dish from Vietnam, while Pad Thai (ผัดไทย) is the most known noodle dish from Thailand. Khao soi noodles ( Thai: ข้าวซอย; Lao: ເຂົ້າຊອຍ; Burmese: အုန်းနို့ခေါက်ဆွဲ ) are popular in Northern Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar. Nom banh chok (នម្ បន្ហ្ ឆក្) is a well known Cambodian dish, while Foe (ເຝີ) is a Lao version of phở. Meeshay (မြီးရှေ) is a traditional noodle dish of Myanmar, but keep in mind these nations listed have many more different noodle based dishes than listed. Pancit (ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔) Mie Goreng Phở Pad Thai (ผัดไทย) Nom banh chok (នម្ បន្ហ្ ឆក្) Meeshay (မြီးရှေ) Banana leaf is a popular wrapping in the Philippines, and is seen in puso from Cebu, patupat in Ilocos, pastil in Mindanao, and suman. Ketupat is common in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. Indonesia has a similar dish to pastil called lemper with rice that is wrapped with meat and fish. Bánh Lá refers to the variety of Vietnamese cakes that are wrapped in leafs. Katupa is the local name for local rice wrapped in banana leaves with coconut milk in Timor-Leste. Puso Pastil Lemper Ketupat (ꦏꦼꦠꦸꦥꦄꦠ) Bánh Lá Katupa Tapai, a way to prepare fermented glutinous rice is found around Southeast Asia. Galapong is an example of a slightly fermented rice cake in the Philippines, and brem refers to fermented cakes in Indonesia, other foods that use this fermentation is tapai ketan in Java island. Galapong Brem Tapai ketan Coconut milk is used in many dishes in the Philippines, and is also present in the cuisines of many Southeast Asian nations. Ginataang manok - Philippines Kalio Tempe - Indonesia Laksa - Malaysia and Singapore Thom kha (ต้มข่าไก่: ຕົ້ມຂ່າໄກ່) - Thailand and Laos Amok (អាម៉ុក) - Cambodia Ohn No Khao Swe (အုန်းနို့ခေါက်ဆွဲ) - Myanmar Whole roasted pig is known as lechon in the Philippines, and it also exists in variations of non-Islamic populations of Indonesia, with babi guling a Balinese roast pig meal. Lechon Babi guling Native fruits are present not just in the Philippines but in many other Southeast Asian nations. Mangoes, jackfruit, lychee, many types of bananas, durian, rambutan, breadfruit, and many citrus fruits are present in the cuisines of many ASEAN nations. Calamansi is a popular citrus fruit in the Philippines but also exists in Indonesia, and is even seen in some dishes like Kuah asam, where calamansi is used. Fruit salads like buko salad in the Philippines also exist as fruit rojak in Malaysia and Singapore. Buko salad Fruit Rojak Tamarind base soups such as sinigang in the Philippines have their equivalent in Indonesia and is known as sayur asem, a Sundanese dish, Canh chua in Vietnam, and Tom Yum ( ต้มยำ) in Central Thailand. Sinigang Sayur Asem Canh Chua Tom Yum Curry based dishes even exist in the Philippines, with kare-kare as the most known curry dish from the country. Curry dishes are very popular in neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia. Kare-kare - Philippines Beef rendang - Indonesia Red Curry - Thailand Caril - Timor-Leste Satay is popular in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Brunei, and a local version called satti exists in the southern Philippines. Madurese satay - Indonesia Thai Chicken Satay and Peanut Sauce Satti Fermented fish paste is a popular dipping condiment in the Philippines, as Bagoong is often eaten alongside chilis or mangoes. Similar fish pastes exist in Myanmar as ngapi (ငါးပိ), Padaek (ປາແດກ) in Laos, Petis ikan in Indonesia as a salty dark paste, and prahok in Cambodia, made of salted and fermented mud fish, and is eaten with rice. Bagoong Ngapi (ငါးပိ) Padaek (ປາແດກ) Petis Ikan Balut, a whole egg with a duck embryo, is a well known street food in the Philippines, and is known in Vietnam as trứng vịt lộn, and in Cambodia as pong tia koun (ពន្គ្ តិឣ កៅន្), where the egg is incubated for up to three weeks. Balut Trứng Vịt Lộn Pong Tia Koun (ពន្គ្ តិឣ កៅន្) Chinese influence is present in the cuisine of the Philippines, with examples such as lumpia, pancit, siopao, butsi, taho, and hopia. Lumpia goes by a similar name in Indonesia. Siopao has a version in Thailand called salapao. Butsi in the Philippines is called kuih bom in Malaysia, onde-onde in Indonesia, and Bánh cam in Vietnam. in Taho exists under various names such as Tauhue in Indonesia and Thailand, đậu hủ in Vietnam and Taufufah in Malaysia. Hopia, a flaky pastry, also exists in Indonesia as bakpia. Shaved ice desserts are very popular in Southeast Asia, with halo-halo as the most famous of these desserts from the Philippines. The Indonesian version is cendol, and the Malaysian and Singaporean version is Ais Kacang. Kang sai is the Thailand version, and Chè ba màu is the Vietnamese equivalent. Halo-halo Cendol Ais kacang Kang sai Chè ba màu Dessert soups in the Philippines include things like ginataang bilo-bilo which uses coconut milk, sago, glutinous rice and tapioca. Similar dishes exist as Kolak Pisang in Indonesia, Bubur cha cha in Malaysia, Chè trôi nước in Vietnam, and Bua Loy in Thailand. Ginataang bilo-bilo Kolak Pisang Bubur cha cha Chè trôi nước Bua Loy Rice cakes are a popular dessert in the Philippines, and they all fall under the umbrella term kakanin, including puto, biko, sapin-sapin, kutsinta, puto bumbong, suman, bibingka, and palitaw. In Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, rice cakes are known as kuih, and go under various names such as kuih lapis, kueh ape, kue bibingka, kue bika ambon, kueh dodol, kue putu, and kue satu. Fun fact, bibingka exists in Timor-Leste as well as in Indonesia and the Philippines. Kakanin Kuih Vietnam has a similar rice cake to puto called Bánh Bò Hấp. The many rice cakes of Vietnam fall under the name Bánh, and come under various forms such as Bánh bò, Bánh da lợn, Bánh đúc, and bánh chưng. Thailand even has sticky rice with mango, which looks similar to puto maya, and is called ketan mangga in Indonesia. Thailand even has its own varieties of rice cakes, normally referred to as khanom (ขนม) that describes the various Thai desserts. Sapin-sapin of the Philippines looks similar to Kueh Lapis of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, Bánh da lợn of Vietnam, Khanom Chan (ขนมชั้น) of Thailand, and Num Chak Kachan (នុម្ ឆក្ កឆន្) of Cambodia. Sapin-sapin Kueh lapis Bánh da lợn Khanom Chan (ขนมชั้น) Num Chak Kachan (នុម្ ឆក្ កឆន្)
As for differences, there are many to list but to keep it to some:
- Catholicism is the major religion in the country, in contrast to the rest of the region. Timor-Leste is similar in this regard.
- In contrast to historic temples, the Philippines has many historic churches.
- The Philippines has the most extensive Christmas traditions in Southeast Asia.
- Many surnames in the country are of Spanish origin. There are also some unique Hispanicized Hokkien surnames, as well as native Tagalog, Visayan, and Ilocano surnames.
- American influence has left a mark, as basketball is one of the most popular sports in the country, in contrast to football dominating sports in the rest of Souhteast Asia.
- Due to over 300 years of Spanish colonization, the Philippines retains plenty of Hispanic cultural elements, many of which actually come from Latin America.
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