What are the long-term side effects of using statins to control high cholesterol levels?

Kalyani

 

M.sc from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc) (Graduated 2020) Mar 25

What are the long-term side effects of using statins to control high cholesterol levels?

The long-term use of statins, which are commonly prescribed medications for controlling high cholesterol levels, can potentially lead to several side effects. Some of the most commonly reported long-term side effects include:

1. Muscle pain and weakness: Statins can cause muscle pain and weakness, a condition known as myopathy. In severe cases, this may progress to a rare but serious condition called rhabdomyolysis, where muscle breakdown releases harmful substances into the bloodstream.
2. Liver damage: Statins may elevate liver enzymes, indicating liver inflammation or damage. Although serious liver problems are rare, regular monitoring of liver function is typically recommended.
3. Increased blood sugar levels: Some studies suggest that long-term use of statins may slightly increase blood sugar levels, potentially increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, especially in individuals with existing risk factors for diabetes.
4. Cognitive effects: There is some evidence suggesting that statin use may be associated with cognitive side effects such as memory loss or confusion, although the exact mechanism and extent of this association remain unclear.
5. Peripheral neuropathy: Rarely, statins have been associated with nerve damage, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.
6. Coenzyme Q10 depletion: Statins can reduce levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a substance that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production. Low CoQ10 levels may contribute to muscle-related side effects and fatigue.

It's essential for individuals taking statins to be aware of these potential side effects and to report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly. In many cases, the benefits of statin therapy in reducing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular events outweigh the potential risks, but individualized treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and smoking cessation can complement statin therapy in managing high cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular risk.