What are the causes of bladder cancer?

Dr. Stefanie Orta RN, MD, FPCP, MMHoA

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Internal Medicine, Adult Diseases Specialist 20h

What are the causes of bladder cancer?

Bladder cancer isn’t something most people think about until it becomes a concern. However, recognizing the causes early can help with prevention and early detection. If you’ve ever wondered why some people develop bladder cancer while others don’t, the answer lies in a mix of lifestyle, environmental exposures, and medical conditions.

I once had a patient in his late 50s who came in with persistent blood in his urine. He had no pain and felt otherwise fine. After a few tests, we discovered he had bladder cancer. He had been a long-time smoker and had worked in a factory with chemical exposure for over 20 years. This case reinforced how environmental factors and lifestyle habits can silently contribute to cancer development over time.

Common Causes of Bladder Cancer

1. Smoking – Tobacco is the most significant risk factor, linked to nearly half of all bladder cancer cases. The chemicals in cigarettes pass through the bloodstream and concentrate in the urine, damaging bladder cells.
2. Chemical Exposure – Those who work in industries involving dyes, rubber, leather, paint, and certain chemicals (like aromatic amines) have a higher risk.
3. Chronic Bladder Irritation – Recurrent urinary infections, long-term catheter use, and chronic bladder stones may lead to persistent inflammation, increasing cancer risk.
4. Porcelain Gallbladder & Gallbladder Cancer Risk – Chronic inflammation from gallbladder disease can lead to a condition called porcelain gallbladder, where the gallbladder wall becomes calcified. Studies suggest that this condition carries a 7-33% risk of gallbladder cancer, highlighting how persistent inflammation in any organ, including the bladder, can contribute to cancer.
5. Age & Gender – Bladder cancer is more common in older adults, particularly men. However, women often get diagnosed later because early symptoms are mistaken for urinary tract infections.
6. Radiation & Chemotherapy – Previous radiation therapy to the pelvis and certain chemotherapy drugs (like cyclophosphamide) have been linked to a higher risk of bladder cancer.
7. Arsenic in Drinking Water – Prolonged exposure to arsenic, found in some well water supplies, can increase the risk.
8. Genetic Factors – While bladder cancer isn’t strongly inherited, a family history may indicate genetic susceptibility, especially when combined with environmental triggers.

First Aid & Prevention Strategies

• Quit Smoking – If you smoke, quitting is the most effective way to lower your risk.
• Hydrate Well – Drinking plenty of water helps flush toxins from the bladder.
• Limit Chemical Exposure – Use protective gear if working with industrial chemicals.
• Manage Chronic Inflammation – If you have recurrent UTIs or bladder stones, get them treated to prevent long-term irritation.
• Screening & Early Detection – If you notice blood in your urine, even once, don’t ignore it. Seek medical evaluation immediately.

Bladder cancer often starts silently, but with awareness and lifestyle changes, risks can be minimized. If you’re concerned about your risk factors, schedule a check-up with your doctor for a personalized plan.